Eye-Catching Designs Made from Recycled Plastic Bottles
The company sells a range of eco-friendly items like leggings, rash guards, and board shorts that are made using recycled post-consumer plastic bottles. There are currently 16 causes represented by distinct marine-life patterns, from whale shark research and invasive lionfish removal to sockeye salmon monitoring and abalone restoration.
One such organization is Get Inspired, a nonprofit that specializes in ocean restoration and environmental education. Get Inspired founder, marine biologist Nancy Caruso, says supporting on-the-ground efforts is one thing that sets Waterlust apart, like their apparel line that supports Get Inspired abalone restoration programs.
"All of us [conservation partners] are doing something," Caruso said. "We're not putting up exhibits and talking about it — although that is important — we're in the field."
Waterlust not only helps its conservation partners financially so they can continue their important work. It also helps them get the word out about what they're doing, whether that's through social media spotlights, photo and video projects, or the informative note card that comes with each piece of apparel.
"They're doing their part for sure, pushing the information out across all of their channels, and I think that's what makes them so interesting," Caruso said.
And then there are the clothes, which speak for themselves.
Advocate Apparel to Start Conversations About Conservation
Waterlust's concept of "advocate apparel" encourages people to see getting dressed every day as an opportunity to not only express their individuality and style, but also to advance the conversation around marine science. By infusing science into clothing, people can visually represent species and ecosystems in need of advocacy — something that, more often than not, leads to a teaching moment.
"When people wear Waterlust gear, it's just a matter of time before somebody asks them about the bright, funky designs," said Waterlust's CEO, Patrick Rynne. "That moment is incredibly special, because it creates an intimate opportunity for the wearer to share what they've learned with another."
The idea for the company came to Rynne when he was a Ph.D. student in marine science.
"I was surrounded by incredible people that were discovering fascinating things but noticed that often their work wasn't reaching the general public in creative and engaging ways," he said. "That seemed like a missed opportunity with big implications."
Waterlust initially focused on conventional media, like film and photography, to promote ocean science, but the team quickly realized engagement on social media didn't translate to action or even knowledge sharing offscreen.
Rynne also saw the "in one ear, out the other" issue in the classroom — if students didn't repeatedly engage with the topics they learned, they'd quickly forget them.
"We decided that if we truly wanted to achieve our goal of bringing science into people's lives and have it stick, it would need to be through a process that is frequently repeated, fun, and functional," Rynne said. "That's when we thought about clothing."
Support Marine Research and Sustainability in Style
To date, Waterlust has sold tens of thousands of pieces of apparel in over 100 countries, and the interactions its products have sparked have had clear implications for furthering science communication.
For Caruso alone, it's led to opportunities to share her abalone restoration methods with communities far and wide.
"It moves my small little world of what I'm doing here in Orange County, California, across the entire globe," she said. "That's one of the beautiful things about our partnership."
Check out all of the different eco-conscious apparel options available from Waterlust to help promote ocean conservation.
Melissa Smith is an avid writer, scuba diver, backpacker, and all-around outdoor enthusiast. She graduated from the University of Florida with degrees in journalism and sustainable studies. Before joining EcoWatch, Melissa worked as the managing editor of Scuba Diving magazine and the communications manager of The Ocean Agency, a non-profit that's featured in the Emmy award-winning documentary Chasing Coral.
Constituting 2% of the continental US, turf grass has a substantial environmental impact, especially in regards to lawn care: 3 trillion gallons of water, 200 million gallons of gas (for mowing), and 70 million pounds of pesticides are used for lawn maintenance every year; fertilizer – containing large concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous – runs off of lawns, into storm drains, and eventually flows to waterways, causing algal blooms and contaminating drinking water; herbicides and pesticides kill unwanted – yet necessary – plants and insects, causing harm to humans and wildlife alike.
Moreover, the turf grass used for most lawns in the United States isn't native to North America and doesn't support the rich, diverse life needed for a healthy ecosystem. Blanketing an area with exclusively non-native grass eliminates the habitats of native plants and insects, decimating the biodiversity of the area and creating far-reaching consequences for food chains.
While boasting a bright green, perfectly mowed, immaculate lawn has become the norm, turning your yard into a native ecological refuge – sometimes called "naturescaping" – with these eco-friendly alternatives can do wonders for the biodiversity and overall health of your backyard ecosystem.
1. Native Plants and Flowers
Lake Lou / Flickr / CC BY 2.0
The ryegrass and Kentucky Bluegrass that make up most American lawns aren't native to the US; between 5,000 and 385,000 acres of native ecosystems are displaced by lawns every day, crowding out regional flowers, plants, and grasses across the country. Without these native plants, monoculture lawns are essentially wastelands for birds and pollinators – like bees, whose populations have been declining rapidly around the world – eliminating the flowers they feed on and locations for nesting.
Choosing to instead foster a yard of native flowers and plants creates a ripple affect in regional food chains: plants provide food for the bugs and bees that depend on it, which in turn provide food for mammals, reptiles, and amphibians, restoring the biodiversity that has been lost. Creating a deliberate landscaping plan to replace grass with low-maintenance plants will attract wildlife and bring some beauty to your backyard.
In urban areas, clover, dandelion, and other lawn "weeds" have been identified as some of the most important food sources for bees, and flowers like columbine, monarda, asters, and holly provide a friendly habitat for birds. Of course, native plants vary by region, so be sure to check with your state's Native Plant Society to find the right species for your eco-haven.
2. Grass Alternatives
PxHere
If you love to look out the window at your luscious patch of green, you don't have to give it up entirely.
Groundcover plants provide an alternative to turf, but eliminate the need for mowing and still deliver that traditional verdant green. Clover, creeping jenny, barberry cotoneaster, Corsican mint, and creeping herbs like thyme and oregano require very little maintenance; clover especially needs little attention once it's established, suppresses weeds, and has a deep root system that aerates the soil.
Flowering perennial groundcover species – like sweet woodruff, liriope, and horned violets – bring a dash of color to your yard and often do well in shaded areas, as do many kinds of moss. Species of native ornamental grass thrive in different ranges of light, moisture, and soil, giving you plenty of options for your space.
Growing a natural lawn also eliminates the need for chemical fertilizers, improves soil quality, and prevents erosion – all while creating a native habitat for the birds and the bees.
3. Befriend the Bugs
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The prevailing rhetoric of traditional yard maintenance is to eliminate as many humming, buzzing, and crawling things as possible, which drives away the beneficial bugs that foster healthy, thriving ecosystems such as ladybugs, spiders, and ground beetles. While caterpillars and Japanese beetles might not be a welcome sight, not all bugs are a bad sign!
During their lifetime, ladybugs may eat as many as 5,000 aphids – a common backyard enemy. Ground beetles too feed on less-desirable bugs like caterpillars, slugs, weevils, and nematodes. To encourage such insects to make a home in your yard, you can purchase many of them online or at garden stores to jumpstart the process. But, once you begin to populate your yard with native plants and bid the turf adieu, the insects should start crawling, flying, and buzzing back.
Learn what beneficial bugs live in your area so you can identify the signs of a healthy, bio-diverse lawn.
4. Ditch the Fertilizer …
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While typical fertilizers ramp up the productivity of farms and might keep our backyards emerald green, they also emit harmful greenhouse gases – accounting for 1.5% of global emissions – and fertilized lawns are no exception.
According to Dr. Chuanhui Gu of Appalachian State University, a standard lawn emits up to 6 times more CO2 than what can be absorbed during photosynthesis through mowing, irrigating, and fertilizing, including the production and transportation of the fertilizer.
Instead of synthetic fertilizers, try adding organic nutrients to your eco-friendly lawn by spreading compost. "Topdressing" your yard with compost supplies nutrients and keeps the soil healthy without depleting it, allowing you to maintain a healthy ecosystem for the diverse plant and animal life thriving in your eco-oasis.
5. … and the Pesticides
Henner Zeller / Flickr / CC BY-SA 2.0
Scientists have directly linked pesticides to the demise of frog, bat, and bee populations, throwing delicately balanced ecosystems and food chains into disorder. Ninety percent of flowering plants depend on bees and other pollinators to survive – species that have seen alarming decreases in population across the globe (also referred to as Colony Collapse Disorder).
Luckily, saving the bees can start in your own backyard: lawn-owners can make a tangible difference by cutting pesticides from their lawn-care regimen. Allowing native plants and weeds to grow freely and bugs to crawl amongst them will save the lives of your local bees, providing them a sanctuary to live, eat, and thrive in.
6. No-Mow Zones
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Mile-for-mile, gas-powered lawn mowers produce about 11 times more pollution than a new car, estimates the EPA – so, running a single gas-powered mower for an hour is nearly equivalent in emissions to a 100-mile car trip.
Mowing lawns is also extremely time-consuming, accounting for more than three million collective hours each year for Americans, who, on average, mow their lawns 22 times per year. Think of the time saved by going no-mow!
The No-Mow Movement encourages lawn-owners to leave native grasses to their own devices, growing tall and wild to eliminate the environmental cost of watering and mowing, and allowing a more natural landscape to take over unimpeded. If you've decided on an alternative to grass that requires no mowing – like clover or moss – you're already there.
Do keep an eye out for invasive weeds in your no-mow lawn that might crowd out native plants and grasses.
Before embarking on your eco-oasis adventure, you'll need to set about "killing" your lawn – that is, doing away with existing turf grass to make way for your native plants and no-mow zones.
Covering the lawn with a sheet of black plastic will trap heat and kill the turf underneath; or, adopt the no-till method of layering newspaper over a section of grass and covering it with a few inches of soil. The newspaper will decay over time and provide a fresh start for your new lawn.
While recovering global biodiversity may seem like a daunting goal, cutting down your environmental impact and saving native ecosystems can all begin in your own yard!
Linnea graduated from Skidmore College in 2019 with a Bachelor's degree in English and Environmental Studies, and now lives in Brooklyn, New York. Along with her most recent position at Hunger Free America, she has interned with the Sierra Club in Washington, DC., Saratoga Living Magazine, and Philadelphia's NPR Member Station, WHYY.
- 12 Creative Ways to Cut Down on Food Waste in Your Kitchen ... ›
- It's Time to Get Rid of Your Lawn! - EcoWatch ›
What is a Meyer Lemon Tree?
Meyer lemon trees are small citrus trees with glossy leaves and white flowers that produce a yellow-orange fruit. They can grow up to 10-feet tall and live for 50 years.
If you actually want to taste a Meyer lemon before investing in a full tree, really all you need to do is head to your local farmer's market. Actually, that's one of the only ways to try a Meyer lemon, because these fruits currently aren't grown commercially so you can't find them in most grocery stores. The sole ways to sample their citrusy goodness are to plant your own tree or support a local grower.
As for the fruits themselves, they're actually hybrids. The Meyer lemon is part regular lemon, part mandarin orange. They have a number of popular uses, both in the culinary scene and also for home decor. For instance, chefs love using the sweet-tart skins to garnish or flavor different dishes. The thin, delicate, thin skin of the Meyer lemon can also be useful for different festive and seasonal garlands.
History of the Meyer Lemon Tree
So where do these unique, hybrid citrus trees come from, exactly? Nobody knows precisely when they originated, but we know they were introduced to the United States around 1908, brought over by Chinese immigrants. Unfortunately, the Meyer lemon tree was quite susceptible to disease, and almost died out in American soil.
Then, around 1975, scientists at the University of California developed something they called the Improved Meyer lemon tree, which is basically the same fruit-bearing plant, but much more impervious to insects and disease-resistant. This is the Meyer lemon tree we know today.
The Benefits of a Meyer Lemon Tree
There are a number of reasons why gardeners love planting this particular citrus tree. A few of the main benefits include:
- The Meyer lemon tree is self-pollinating.
- These citrus trees can produce fruit in as little as two years' time.
- You can actually grow them indoors or outdoors, and they will yield fruit either way.
- During winter, they tend to yield a heavy harvest.
Now, there may be some potential downsides, including the fact that the Meyer lemon tree requires regular misting; we'll return to that later, when we discuss tips to care for these citrus trees.
What Do These Citrus Trees Look Like?
Meyer lemon trees can grow to be anywhere from six feet to 10 feet; the dwarf variety should be closer to five to seven feet. If you grow your Meyer lemon tree in an indoor pot, that will ensure that it remains on the smaller side.
The tree will produce glossy leaves, dark green in their hue. You'll also see some white fragrant flowers, delicate and with a hint of purple at the base, that bloom twice a year. The lemons themselves, when ripe, are yellow-orange in color. The skins give off a pleasant, citrusy aroma, which is one reason why these trees are so popular.
The Best Places to Buy a Meyer Lemon Tree
If you're interested in getting one of these trees for your own home or garden, one of the first decisions you'll have to make is where you're going to buy it. The good news is that there are a number of online retailers where you can get your own Meyer lemon tree.
Each product featured here has been independently selected by the writer. If you make a purchase using the links included, we may earn commission.
Gardens Alive!
gardensalive.com
Looking to get a Meyer lemon tree that's on the smaller side? The "dwarf" variety can make a great option, especially for potted/indoor use. Gardens Alive! offers one for a really low price, and they also provide plenty of great information about caring for your new plant.
Why buy: This online lawn and garden retailer is a trusted source for high-quality flora, and their pricing is very affordable.
FastGrowingTrees.com
fast-growing-trees.com
At FastGrowingTrees.com, you can get a full-sized Meyer lemon tree that will yield fruit within its first year. And, you'll get fast shipping, too, allowing you to get your tree situated for fruiting as quickly as possible.
Why buy: For a well-tended, well-rooted plant that's on the cusp of bearing fruit, FastGrowingTrees.com is the place to shop.
Citrus.com
citrus.com
At Citrus.com you can get the Improved Meyer lemon tree for a reasonably low price, and with expedient shipping. There are also some helpful accessories you can add to your order to help care for your tree.
Why buy: Want to get your Meyer lemon tree from the citrus experts? Why not browse the selection at Citrus.com?
Nature Hills Nursery
naturehills.com
Nature Hills nursery is one of the most trusted online plant retailers, and not without reason: They have a wide range of flora and are known for their affordable pricing, flexible shipping options, and devotion to quality.
Why buy: Experienced gardeners trust Nature Hills enough to make it the #1 online nursery in the country. Definitely worth considering for your Meyer lemon tree.
Amazon
amazon.com
Of course, if it's convenience you crave, it's pretty hard to top Amazon's selection of Meyer lemon trees. Take note that Amazon is actually a pretty decent place to browse for plants, as they partner with a lot of great nurseries from across the country. Not only can you consider a number of different Meyer lemon tree options, but Amazon is also a great place to stock up on basic lawn and garden tools.
Why buy: For selection and convenience, Amazon is hard to beat. We like the options from Brighter Blooms or Citrus.com.
Home Depot
homedepot.com
More and more big box home improvement stores have started carrying extensive indoor and outdoor plant selections. You can get a Meyer lemon tree at your local Home Depot, or simply by heading over to Home Depot's website.
Why buy: Home Depot supplies high-quality plants as well as a generous selection of lawn and garden tools. You can also potentially pick up your tree in store the same day.
How Do You Plant a Meyer Lemon Tree?
Purchasing your new citrus tree is obviously the first step, but once it arrives, you'll need to know how to plant it.
Consider the Ideal Hardiness Zones
If you're going to keep your Meyer lemon tree in a pot, enjoying it purely as an indoor plant, then you can disregard this section. But if you wish to transplant it to your lawn or garden, then you need to know a thing or two about hardiness zones.
What are hardiness zones? Basically, these are classifications that farmers and other planters use to determine which regions of the country are best suited for cultivating specific types of plants.
Meyer lemon trees tend to thrive in USDA Hardiness Zones 8-11, which encompass the southern coastal regions as well as the deep southern half of the country. If you live further north, then you may want to reconsider just growing your Meyer lemon tree indoors.
Tips for Planting a Meyer Lemon Tree
Now, if you plan on cultivating your new citrus tree in a pot, there are a few specific tips and considerations you'll want to keep in mind. Some tips for planting a Meyer lemon tree include:
- Plant your tree in a sturdy container that's at least one or two sizes larger than the container it came in. Also double check that your container has drainage holes at the bottom.
- Put an inch or two of stone at the bottom of the container, to serve as an anchor for your lemon tree.
- The ideal potting mixture includes peat moss, potting soil, and perlite.
- Carefully slide your Meyer lemon tree out of the container, and take a moment to cut off any dry roots and "fluff" roots that have become matted.
- Next, position the tree in the center of its new container.
- Add your potting mixture, ensuring that the crown of the roots rests just above the line of the soil.
- Slowly add some water to the pot, and place it somewhere near a south-facing window.
By following these steps, you'll be off to a great start tending to your Meyer lemon tree!
How to Care for Your Meyer Lemon Tree
Once the tree is planted, it is wise to follow a few additional steps to nurture it to guarantee healthy growth. Proper care not only extends the life of your Meyer lemon tree, but also ensures you get plenty of that sweet-tart fruit!
Sunlight Requirements
The first thing you'll need to know about is the sunlight requirements for your Meyer lemon tree. Like most citrus plants, this one thrives when it gets ample exposure to direct sunlight. This means a good eight to 12 hours of full sun, whenever possible.
Hopefully, you can achieve this simply by positioning your plant somewhere beside a window facing south or southwest. If not, then you may want to consider indoor growing lights, which can offer the same photosynthetic effects as direct sunlight.
Watering Requirements
Another critical consideration is watering. Here, some delicacy is required, as citrus plants tend to thrive in water that's moist but not flat-out wet. Many Meyer lemon tree experts recommend watering deeply and infrequently. Any time you find that the top two inches of soil are dry, that means it's time to add water.
Also be aware that, like most citrus trees, this one fares best in humidity. Mist it daily. Also consider adding a bit of water to the tray under your pot; this water will rise up and add some additional humidity.
Soil Requirements
Meyer lemon trees prefer loamy soil with a pH around 6.0 to 6.5. You'll need to fertilize it around once a month with a nutrient-rich, slow-release nitrogen fertilizer. This tree also requires spacing of 36-60 inches in order to best provide a year-round growing season.
What About Temperature?
It's also vital to know the optimal temperature for your Meyer lemon tree. So long as you keep it somewhere between 50 degrees and 80 degrees Fahrenheit, you should be just fine. Note: If you're keeping your Meyer lemon tree outside and the temperature drops below 50 in the winter months, you'll want to bring it inside until things warm up.
How Much Does a Meyer Lemon Tree Cost?
As you prepare to invest in a new citrus tree, it may be helpful to have a basic price range in mind.
The price point for a Meyer lemon tree can vary greatly, ranging from just under $20 for cuttings to over $100. Usually, the price is determined by the tree's size and maturity. In other words, you can expect to pay less for a small plant or cutting, which you will then need to nurture. And you will likely pay a little more for trees that are already grown and closer to bearing fruit.
Do Meyer Lemon Trees Actually Grow Fruit?
With proper care, your tree should bear fruit. This may happen in as little as two years or as many as seven years, depending on the age of the plant when you receive it. You can expect that your tree will bear the most fruit primarily in the winter season. Again, the number of lemons you get will depend on the health of the tree, but often these yields are quite generous. Note that these trees can live for 50 years, so you may have many seasons of delicious citrus fruit!
Getting Started with a Meyer Lemon Tree
If you're looking for a truly unique addition to your home garden, whether that's indoors or outdoors, look no further than to the Meyer lemon tree. Cultivating these plants can be immensely rewarding, but it will require some work. Start by doing your due diligence, learning more about different places to buy trees, how to plant them, and how to care for them over time.
Josh Hurst is a journalist, critic, and essayist. He lives in Knoxville, TN, with his wife and three sons. He covers natural health, nutrition, supplements, and clean energy. His writing has appeared in Health, Shape, and Remedy Review.
Our Favorite Places to Buy Plants Online
Each product featured here has been independently selected by the writer. If you make a purchase using the links included, we may earn commission.
- Cellar Door Plants
- Bloomscape
- The Sill
- UrbanStems
- Bouqs.com
- Horti
- Plants.com
- Costa Farms
- Nature Hills
- Etsy
- Home Depot
- Willow
How to Find the Best Online Plant Shop
Before we get into specific recommendations, let's consider some of the most important things to look for in your online plant retailer. These are the criteria we used to formulate our own list:
- Selection of plants available. Naturally, you'll want to find a shop that allows you to browse a wide number of plants, and to ensure that you can always find what you're looking for. Product variety is a must when choosing your preferred online plant store, especially when considering pet-friendly plant options or indoor herb gardens.
- Curated selections and recommendations. Sometimes, it's nice when a gardening pro recommends certain plants, specifically plants that are well-suited for a certain season, climate, or terrain. Curation services can be especially helpful if you're new to gardening, or if you don't fancy yourself as having a particularly green thumb.
- Plant delivery options. How will the plants you order make it from the garden center to your home? Can you trust that your plants will be shipped safely and expediently? And, are the plant delivery prices affordable? These are crucial considerations any time you're buying plants online.
- Container options. Often, you'll want your plants to come with their own containers and pots. That's something to double check before placing an order from an online plant retailer.
- Tools and supplies. In addition to plants, you'll also need to stock up on some basic tools, such as watering cans, pruning scissors, fertilizers, potting soils, grow lights, and beyond. For the sake of convenience, it's nice to find an online retailer where you can purchase your plants and your essential supplies.
- Care instructions. Some of our favorite online plant stores provide guides and care tips that you can use to learn more about caring for a particular plant. Again, this is an especially welcome service for novices or for those who simply aren't as familiar with the plant in question.
- Packaging. Does the vendor use sustainable materials in their packaging? Check whether a they use recycled or non-recycled packing materials.
These are just a few of the considerations to keep in mind as you seek the best places for purchasing plants online. Now, we can get into our list of specific recommendations for plant parents to consider.
The Best Places to Buy Plants Online
Cellar Door Plants
Cellar Door Plants makes it easy to find the right plants for your home and skill level, and then delivers them right to your door. Here are a few other reasons to love Cellar Door Plants:
- You can shop a huge selection of indoor plants and plant collections, as well as pre-potted plants, planters, and gardening accessories.
- They offer subscriptions for both pet-friendly plants and a mystery plant subscription box that lets you discover one new plant each month.
- The company partners with One Tree Planted to help support reforestation efforts. Your orders will directly contribute to these projects each month.
Bloomscape
There's so much that we love about Bloomscape, an online plant store that appeals to novices and expert gardeners alike. Just a few examples:
- Bloomscape offers a staggering range of options, from indoor favorites like pothos and snake plants to outdoor plant life.
- There are some really helpful curated collections, including plants that work well under low light, plants that are good for pet owners, low-maintenance plants, and more.
- You can also find a full range of tools and accessories at Bloomscape, allowing you to truly build out your home gardening toolbox.
Why buy: Bloomscape is a one-stop-shop for anyone looking to get into gardening. We recommend it highly.
The Sill
Compared with Bloomscape, The Sill is a little narrower in focus: This online plant store specializes in potted, indoor flora. If that's what you're looking for, The Sill is the place for you!
- Not only does The Sill offer loads of live plants, but you can also get faux and preserved ones, if that's more your speed.
- They have a full library of care guides, making it easy to brush up on your gardening skills.
- This is also a great place to look for planters and pots for your indoor greenery.
Why buy: For indoor potted plants, The Sill just can't be beat. You can shop a range of small plants like succulents or larger indoor plants like fiddle-leaf figs.
UrbanStems
UrbanStems is first and foremost a flower delivery site, but you can also get some nice plants for your indoor garden, including succulents and cacti. Some fast facts:
- They offer same-day delivery in a number of markets, including New York City.
- They have excellent gift options for the plant lover in your life.
- They also boast top-notch curated collections, making it easy to find flowers to fit the season.
Why buy: UrbanStems is one of the best options online for flower delivery, and for floral-themed gifts. Plus, they source all of their flowers and plants from Rainforest Alliance Certified farms.
Bouqs.com
Here's another online plant store that's probably best known as a flower delivery site. They certainly have plenty of floral arrangements and gifts to choose from, but if you want some small, indoor options to begin a home garden, Bouqs.com has you covered.
- They offer very competitive pricing, as well as subscription options.
- They provide fast and even same-day delivery in some markets.
- While they don't have as many curated selections as we'd like, they do make it easy to see what's popular at any given moment.
Why buy: Bouqs.com is another great place to turn if you're hoping to send someone flowers or other plant-related gifts. They use farm-direct sourcing for all of their plants, working with farmers using eco-friendly and sustainable practices.
Horti
Horti supplies something really cool: A subscription-based model that's designed to build your confidence in caring for plants. You'll get new, indoor plants delivered at a specified interval, with the focus on species that are fairly easy to keep alive. There's no better way to develop your green thumb!
- Horti's hardy plants all come with detailed care guides.
- They focus on sustainability in their packaging and shipping.
- Based in Brooklyn, NY, they want to help bring more plants and planting to urban dwellers.
Why buy: If you're looking to really get into indoor gardening, or just want to make sure you buy from a retailer that emphasizes sustainability, Horti is the destination for you.
Plants.com
At Plants.com, it's incredibly easy to find plant life that perfectly meets your needs. For example, at Plants.com, you can sort by type, by lifestyle, by size, by ease of care, even by the kind of room you want to place them in.
- Search for air-purifying plants, low-light plants, pet-friendly plants, and more.
- See an array of indoor potted plants to help match your home's style.
- Receive a plant care card with each order, complete with all the instructions you need.
Why buy: Plants.com does a great job of connecting you with the plants that perfectly align with your gardening goals. They make it easy to find just what you're looking for. They also use sustainable coconut coir soil for all of their floor plants to reduce waste.
Costa Farms
Costa Farms represents something a little different: You actually can't buy their plants directly from them, but you can acquire them online from major retailers such as Amazon, Lowe's, and Home Depot.
- The Costa Farms website has some great resources, including growing tips and "plant finder" engines.
- They have a great range of plant species for both indoor and outdoor gardens.
- Costa Farms supplies plants to many of the largest retailers in the country.
Why buy: Costa Farms has a huge selection of plants, as they are one of the largest horticultural growers in the world. If you see their products at your favorite big box retailers, definitely give them a try. And, don't forget to check out the resources at the Costa Farms website.
Nature Hills
Nature Hills claims to be the world's largest online plant nursery, and they certainly seem to benefit from a massive operation. Some benefits to choosing Nature Hills:
- Their catalog of products includes a really expansive range of flowers, bulbs, and other plants.
- They offer affordable, flat-rate shipping.
- They have a garden blog with lots of useful information and care tips.
Why buy: Nature Hills is an online plant retailer with a great reputation. It's not hard to understand why, since their product variety alone makes them an essential place to shop for plants.
Etsy
Many of us associate Etsy with arts and crafts. It may surprise you to learn that the site also gives you the opportunity to purchase plants from individual growers. A few things to know:
- Etsy is a safe, secure, and reliable online retailer.
- You can buy clippings of more expensive plants, then cultivate those plants yourself. This can be one of the most affordable ways to add variety to your home garden.
- Additionally, many Etsy sellers offer flexible shipping options.
Why buy: If you're looking for an affordable way to pick and choose specific plants, it's worth looking at the options available on Etsy.
Home Depot
You can always head down to your local Home Depot to survey their plant selection, or, if you'd rather do all your shopping from home, just click over to the Home Depot website.
- You can find plenty of options from well-regarded nurseries, including Costa Farms.
- Home Depot provides a lot of variety, plus all the gardening tools and accessories you could ever need.
- Shipping and returns are flexible and affordable.
Why buy: If you don't mind giving your business to a big box chain, Home Depot offers an excellent online plant buying experience.
Willow
Willow doesn't actually sell plants, but it does sell something that goes great with them. Willow is an organic biochar soil amendment that you can mix with potting soil to create your very own carbon sink.
- Using biochar can mean up to 50% less watering, 25% healthier plants, and a negative carbon footprint.
- Willow soil amendment promotes plant-friendly microbial growth.
- It acts as a carbon sink to actually remove carbon from the environment.
How Does Buying Plants Online Work?
As you prepare to buy live plants online, you may have some questions about the process. While the steps in the plant-buying process can vary from one site to the next, it's usually pretty simple:
- You can browse the selections and choose the plant or plants you want to buy, just as you would at any other online retailer.
- The plants that you select are then carefully boxed, ensuring they do not tip over or become damaged during the shipping process.
- Plants are shipped straight to your door. Some online flower companies offer same-day shipping, but for the most part, you can expect plants to arrive in about a week.
- Most online plant retailers also send specific instructions so that you know how to care for each plant that you buy.
- Note that some of the sites on our list also allow you to sign up for subscription services, receiving new plants on a consistent basis.
Can You Buy Plants Online from a Local Nursery?
Some gardeners prefer the convenience of buying their plants online, yet they also want to show support to local businesses. If there's a local nursery that you really want to support, you can always check with them to see if they deliver or allow you to do your shopping online.
It's also worth pointing out that even some of the bigger online plant retailers work with local nurseries, sourcing their plants from more small-scale growers. Bouqs.com is a good example. If you want to find convenient online shopping and support local growers and garden centers, Bouqs.com may be one of your better bets.
How Much Does it Cost to Buy Plants Online?
The amount of money you'll spend buying plants online can vary greatly, based on a number of factors, including the number of plants, the types of plants, and the type of shipping you choose.
Indoor plants can range from $20 to more than $100; you'll generally spend more for plants that are larger or less common.
As for shipping, sites like Plants.com offer flat-fee rates with free shipping on orders over $75, while other sites may offer free shipping if you spend $100 or more. For those who like getting new plants often, subscription services can be a cost-effective option.
Start Searching for the Best Online Plant Stores
Whether you're looking to flesh out your garden or simply start out with a single plant, buying plants online can be a convenient and affordable option. Thankfully, there are many online plant retailers to choose from to help you get growing.
Josh Hurst is a journalist, critic, and essayist. He lives in Knoxville, TN, with his wife and three sons. He covers natural health, nutrition, supplements, and clean energy. His writing has appeared in Health, Shape, and Remedy Review.
How to Choose the Best Houseplants
When it comes to selecting the right houseplants, there are a number of factors you'll want to keep in mind. Here are some of the considerations we made in creating our list.
- Light conditions. It's important to know whether a plant needs bright light, medium light, indirect light, or low light to flourish. Can your plant thrive with indirect sunlight or does it need a lot of direct sunlight? Will you need to invest in a particular kind of indoor grow light?
- The size of the plant. Indoor plants range from tiny little things that you can keep on your desk, to more substantial plants that need to be potted on the floor. Naturally, in selecting indoor houseplants, you'll want to think about the space available to you.
- Level of care. Some plants need a lot of TLC. Others can essentially be left on their own most of the time. Think about the level of involvement you wish to have in your indoor plant's life and development.
- Pet-friendliness. Sometimes, houseplants and pets don't mix. Be sure you don't invest in flora that could tempt your dog or cat into nibbling, or that could actually be toxic if ingested.
- Functionality. Some people want indoor houseplants just to look pretty. That's totally fine! Others actually want their houseplants to help clean the air inside their home. If that's what you're looking for, you'll want to be diligent in selecting the right species.
- The style of plant. Do you prefer a potted plant? A hanging basket? A blooming, vertical, or cascade style? Take some time to think about your aesthetic preferences before you invest in houseplants of any kind.
With these criteria in mind, we're now ready to take a closer look at the best houseplants to buy for your indoor garden.
The Best Indoor Plants
Here are our picks for the 12 best indoor plants.
Each product featured here has been independently selected by the writer. If you make a purchase using the links included, we may earn commission.
Pothos
9greenbox.com
The pothos is sometimes known as the "cubicle plant," a reference to its relatively small size. That nickname may be a little misleading, however; the pothos can actually develop long, trailing vines that stretch out for 10 feet or more!
There are plenty of reasons why the pothos ranks so highly on our list. One is that the pothos is one of the best plants for purifying the air in your home. The pothos is also an ideal choice for so-called "black thumbs," surviving with minimal care. If you're after an indoor plant that's relatively forgiving, pothos is a good one to keep in mind.
Succulents
costafarms.com
Succulents actually refer to a family of plants, which tend to be very hardy and thrive in warmer temperatures. They're popular among indoor gardeners for a number of reasons, not least their vibrant, fleshy leaves and beautiful color.
Also note that succulents propagate easily; with some varieties, you can literally grow a whole new plant just by tending to one of the leaves from an existing succulent. With so many varieties of succulents to choose from, this is almost a world unto itself, and a great path for any indoor gardener to follow.
Aloe Vera
costafarms.com
If you're looking for plants that are highly functional, one of the best choices is the aloe vera plant. As you're probably aware, this plant has amazing anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial products. Its healing properties make it useful anytime you have a little scrape or burn.
There are plenty of other reasons to consider adding aloe to your indoor garden, including the fact that it's one of the best bets for purifying the air in your home. And while aloe is fairly easy to care for, it is not a pet-friendly plant, and should definitely be kept out of reach from your four-legged family members.
Peace Lily
JM BAMBOO
The Peace Lily is an outstanding pick for indoor gardeners who already have some experience keeping their flora alive. That's because it does require a higher level of care. You'll need to provide moist soil without overwatering, and you'll need to ensure it has a good mix of shade and indirect sunlight. If you're up for that challenge, though, a Peace Lily can be a great way to develop your green thumb.
Also note that the Peace Lily is not pet-friendly, but does help purify the air in your home.
Philodendron
hirts.com
Like the pothos, the philodendron is a houseplant that may surprise you: Though it seems compact, it can grow long, trailing vines that span 10 feet or more. Because of this, it's really great for anyone who wants a hanging plant, or something they can put on a high shelf.
There are other benefits to this plant as well. It's easy to nurture, easy to prune, and it's easy to propagate, if growing more philodendron is something you're interested in. Altogether, this is one of the best indoor plants for those who are new to gardening, or who don't fancy themselves as being especially plant-savvy.
Snake Plant
costafarms.com
No, this plant is not going to attract snakes to your home, so don't worry. It gets its name due to the green leaves with irregular banding, which can sometimes resemble the patterns you see on snakeskins.
Beyond the unique aesthetics, the snake plant is fantastic because it's extremely low-maintenance. Actually, snake plants are well-known for surviving periods of extended drought! Plus, they can filter a lot of chemicals out of the air, significantly improving the indoor air quality in your home. This is definitely an indoor plant that should be on any short list.
Monstera
americanplantexchange.com
Here's another lovely indoor plant that happens to have a scary-sounding name. Rest assured that there is nothing "monstrous" about this particular houseplant, beyond the astonishing rate with which it grows and propagates. While we wouldn't say it's zero-maintenance, it's still a fairly easygoing plant.
Even if you have a mixed track record of keeping your plants alive, this one will probably be just fine. Actually, you only need to water your monstera every week or two, and make certain it gets indirect sunlight to see it thrive.
Money Tree
justaddiceorchids.com
The money tree has long been a symbol of wealth and good fortune, hence its name. Even if you don't place any stock in that, money trees can be excellent additions to any indoor garden. They are relatively easy to maintain, they live for a long time, and they look amazing once they really start to grow.
If you choose a money tree, just be sure to provide some direct sunlight, keep the temperature reasonably warm, and water your plant once a week or so. That's about all it takes for your money tree to grow.
Anthurium
costafarms.com
The anthurium is actually an entire genus of plants, with more than 1,000 species in total. No matter which one you get, though, you should find that it's incredibly resilient and easy to keep alive. Its bright colors can add a big splash of character to your home garden or living room.
This is another one of the best houseplants for those who are brand new to indoor gardening, or who worry that they don't have the highest-level skills when it comes to nurturing plants.
ZZ Plant
costafarms.com
The ZZ plant, or zamioculcas zamiifolia, sports large, almost potato-like rhizomes; that is, it features thick, tall stalks that grow vertically. It also happens to be a really hardy plant that's ideally suited for low-light environments. Note that the rhizomes are so thick because they are used to store water, which allows this plant to survive for a really long time even with inconsistent upkeep.
The ZZ plant is no good if you have pets. However, because it has long symbolized friendship, it can make for a sweet and thoughtful housewarming gift.
Bird's Nest Fern
wekiwagardens.com
Looking for a plant that offers not just a cool name, but also an utterly unique appearance? Look no further than the bird's nest fern, with its oddly-rippled fronds. It's sure to be an instant conversation-starter if you bring it into your home garden.
Note that the bird's nest fern fares best in indirect sunlight, as well as in areas that get a lot of humidity. Because of this, many indoor gardeners choose this one to add greenery to their bathroom.
Fiddle-leaf fig
thorsensgreenhouse.com
Last but not least, the fiddle-leaf fig (ficus lyrata) is a perfect plant for any indoor gardener who can offer access to some decent sunlight. Looking for a plant to set in the windowsill? This is one of your best bets! It boasts a lovely appearance, though it does require a more experienced gardener.
Unfortunately, the fiddle-leaf fig is more susceptible to pests and plant diseases than some other plants, and it can also be sensitive to swings in temperature or humidity. That said, it is a gorgeous plant that will definitely reward you for your attentive care.
What You'll Need to Grow Houseplants
Choosing the right kinds of plants is a critical first step toward developing a vibrant indoor garden. But of course, there's some additional equipment you'll want to invest in to make sure you're able to tend to your plants as needed.
A few of the basic tools to have handy include:
- Watering can
- Hand trowel
- Pruning scissors
- Potting soil*
- Fertilizer*
* Note that different plants may require different kinds of soil or fertilizer, so make sure you select the materials best suited to your specific indoor plant life.
What are the Benefits of Indoor Plants?
No matter which specific houseplants you invest in, your home will benefit from them. Indeed, the benefits of keeping indoor plants are numerous.
- They can clean contaminants out of your air.
- They can help you achieve a cozy, welcoming vibe in any room.
- Indoor plant life has also been linked with improved mental health.
- Caring for plant life can provide a sense of accomplishment.
- Some plants, such as aloe vera, also come with unique healing effects.
These are just a few of the reasons to continue opening your home to some low-maintenance flora.
What are the Easiest Plants to Grow Indoors?
While some indoor gardeners want a challenge, many of us are simply interested in something we can enjoy with relatively low maintenance; or, at least, something that will prove fairly resilient, should we accidentally forget to water it as promptly as we should.
Some of the easiest indoor plant options include:
If you're looking for something that's truly beginner-friendly, put these plants at the top of your shopping list.
Where Can You Find the Best Houseplants?
As for indoor plant shopping, there are certainly plenty of options. You can actually have indoor plants shipped to you directly from Amazon, or from more garden-specific e-retailers such as Cellar Door Plants, The Sill, and Bloomscape.
Alternatively, we recommend spending some time at a local lawn and garden center. There, you can actually see some plants up close and get a good idea of the space they will take up. Plus, you can ask the local pros for any tips, stock up on tools, etc.
Big-box home improvement stores can also be good places to try as you seek indoor plants and equipment.
Turn Your Home Into an Indoor Garden
One of the great things about indoor gardening is that there's a relatively low threshold for entry. Even if you've never considered it before, you can stock up on a few low-maintenance plants and be well on your way. Why not start with just a single succulent or a couple of pothos plants, and see where things go from there?
Whatever direction you decide to go in, we wish you the best as you reap all the benefits of indoor gardening. Start with any of the plants on this list and you'll be in good shape!
Josh Hurst is a journalist, critic, and essayist. He lives in Knoxville, TN, with his wife and three sons. He covers natural health, nutrition, supplements, and clean energy. His writing has appeared in Health, Shape, and Remedy Review.
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Our Picks for the Best Indoor Herb Gardens
Each product featured here has been independently selected by the writer. If you make a purchase using the links included, we may earn commission.
- Best Overall - AeroGarden Harvest 360
- Best for Small Spaces - Click and Grow Smart Garden
- Best for Kids - Back to the Roots Water Garden
- Best Soil-Based Kit - Garden Republic Indoor Herb Garden Starter Kit
- Best Garden Box - Windowsill Herb Planter Box
- Best Aesthetic - Make Lemonade Indoor LED Planter
Types of Indoor Herb Gardens
When choosing the best indoor herb garden for you, you'll want to consider things like counter space and price point. You'll also need to decide how much effort you want to put into ensuring your seeds grow. There are two main types of indoor herb gardens to choose from — water-based or soil-based. Here's a rundown of what you get with either option:
Hydroponic Indoor Herb Gardens
With a water-based growing system, also called a hydroponic garden, plants grow roots in water rather than soil.
The biggest benefit to having a hydroponic system is that there's less maintenance required. You don't have to worry about overwatering or underwatering (in fact, you don't have to remember to water your plants at all, although you will occasionally need to fill your system's reservoir). There's also virtually no weed or pest control, and many have bright lights built-in, which eliminates the need for a sunny windowsill.
Additionally, plants grow more quickly in a hydroponic environment. According to a professor at Oregon State University, "lettuce grown hydroponically is ready to harvest in 30 days rather than the 60-day cycle it takes when grown in soil."
The downside to a hydroponic indoor herb garden is that upfront costs can be significantly more than those of soil-based gardens. Although many of the water-based systems on the market include everything you need to grow plants successfully — light, nutrients, seed pods, built-in aeration — they can cost well over $100, depending on the size of the garden.
Soil-Based Indoor Herb Gardens
If you are lucky enough to have a green thumb, you can grow herbs indoors using a traditional soil-based system. All you need to get started is a container (preferably one with drainage holes, but even a Mason jar can work in a pinch), soil with a bit of fertilizer and the seeds of any herb you want to grow. All of these items can be picked up at your local garden center for cheap.
However, there's more to indoor gardening with a soil-based system than a hydroponic setup. You should make sure your herbs are getting enough hours of sun, are watered as often as they need to be and don't have any pests or weeds sprouting.
Some herbs prefer different types of soil-based environments than others. For example, Mediterranean herbs like rosemary and bay laurel can tolerate fairly dry soil, so they can go longer between waterings than an herb like basil, which needs to be kept moist. Many popular herbs also need a lot of light, so try placing them near a south-facing window if possible, and prefer temperatures around 70 degrees Fahrenheit.
6 Best Indoor Herb Gardens
Based on our market research and firsthand use, these are the six best indoor herb gardens available:
Best Overall: AeroGarden Harvest 360 Indoor Hydroponic Garden
aerogarden.com
Best Overall: AeroGarden Harvest 360 Indoor Hydroponic GardenFor an all-around easy-to-use indoor herb garden, we recommend the AeroGarden Harvest 360. The countertop hydroponic garden allows you to grow up to six herbs at a time with little effort — all you have to do is set the LED grow light on a timer, fill up your water reservoir and add plant food. As your herbs grow, the AeroGarden will notify you when you need to top off your reservoir or add more food.
The base of the AeroGarden has a pump that allows water to drip onto the top of the seed pods, which helps speed up the germination process. The grow light can be expanded up to 12 inches, so you can adjust it as your plants flourish. It comes with six guaranteed-to-grow herb seed pods (Genovese basil, Thai basil, mint, dill, curly parsley and thyme), as well as a bottle of plant nutrients.
Customer Rating: 4.6 out of 5 stars with over 1,300 Amazon reviews
Why Buy: Can grow six plants at once; No soil; No natural light required; Low maintenance; Comes with six seed pods; Replacement seed pods available
Best for Small Spaces: Click and Grow Smart Garden
clickandgrow.com
With a basin about the size of a loaf of bread, the Click and Grow Smart Garden is a great option if you don't have enough counter space for an AeroGarden 360. This low-profile hydroponic setup allows you to grow three herbs at once and comes with a plastic insert that allows you to raise the LED light as your plants grow taller.
All Smart Gardens come with a starter pack of three basil plant pods, but a variety of replacement seed pods are available for around $10 per three-pack. These include herbs like rosemary and garden sage, fruits like strawberries and mini tomatoes, and even flowers such as red pansies and petunias.
Customer Rating: 4.6 out of 5 stars with over 1,200 Amazon reviews
Why Buy: Can grow three plants at once; No soil; No natural light required; Low maintenance; Comes with three basil seed pods; Replacement seed pods available
Best for Kids: Back to the Roots Water Garden
backtotheroots.com
Your little ones will love the Back to the Roots Water Garden, which enlists the help of a betta fish to keep your plants' roots clean. The indoor herb garden has three seed locations and can be set up as an aquaponic or hydroponic system (aka fish or no fish) depending on how big you want your herbs to grow. For example, if you want to cultivate smaller herbs like microgreens, having a beta fish in your water reservoir is a great idea.
The Water Garden comes with everything you need to start cultivating: microgreen seeds, grow stones, fish food and a coupon for $3 off a betta fish at your local Petco. It also includes access to free STEM curriculum on aquaponic and hydroponic ecosystems, so you can educate your kids about the new habitat in their home. However, it doesn't have any built-in light source, so you'll need to keep it in a sunny spot or purchase a grow light separately.
Customer Rating: 4.3 out of 5 stars with just under 1,000 Amazon reviews
Why Buy: Can grow three plants at once; No soil; Low maintenance; Self-cleaning; Good for microgreens; Comes with STEM education materials; Certified B Corp
Best Soil-Based Kit: Garden Republic Indoor Herb Garden Starter Kit
shopgardenrepublic.com
If you want to get your hands dirty, the Garden Republic Indoor Herb Garden Starter Kit comes with everything you need to grow fresh herbs in soil. The kit includes burlap grow bags with a waterproof lining, shears, potting soil discs, four types of herb seeds (basil, parsley, thyme, cilantro), bamboo plant markers to remember which seeds you planted in which bags and a wooden box to contain everything.
The only thing this kit doesn't come with is a light source, so you will need to purchase a grow light separately or keep it in a place that receives plenty of natural sunlight. You'll also need to remember to water your herbs regularly so they can thrive in your indoor environment.
Customer Rating: 4.3 out of 5 stars with over 1,300 Amazon reviews
Why Buy: Can grow four plants at once; Organic, non-GMO seeds; Soil-based; Comes with four types of seeds
Best Soil-Based Garden Box: Windowsill Herb Planter Box
amazingcreation.net
The Windowsill Herb Planter Box from Amazing Creations is a great jumping-off point for beginner gardeners. It uses a built-in water reservoir and a series of thick strands to automatically hydrate your plants' roots. Just get some soil, find a sunny spot, plant whatever seeds you like and keep an eye on them — the reservoir may need refilling if the soil gets too dry.
The Windowsill Herb Planter Box comes in a set of three, and you can plant multiple herbs in each box. We recommend grouping your herbs by what type of environment they like — moist, dryer, more or less sunlight, etc. Each herb's preferences should be listed on its seed packet.
Customer Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars with just under 500 Amazon reviews
Why Buy: Can grow multiple plants at once; Come in a set of three; Self-watering; Soil-based
Best Aesthetic Herb Garden: Make Lemonade Indoor LED Planter
makelemonadewithus.com
To add a sleek, modern touch to a tiny space, check out the Make Lemonade Indoor LED Planter. This countertop indoor herb garden has a built-in LED grow light, making it great for smaller kitchens and homes that don't get much natural light.
You can fill the planter's base with either soil or water depending on whether you prefer a hydroponic or soil-based setup. It comes with three pods and a lid that can suspend your growing plants in water. The seeds themselves (and soil, if you choose to go that route) are not included, so you'll need to purchase those separately.
Customer Rating: 4.6 out of 5 stars with under 200 Amazon reviews
Why Buy: Can grow multiple plants at once; No natural light required; Soil-based or hydroponic
Discover Your Green Thumb With an Indoor Herb Garden
Even notorious plant-killers can manage growing fresh herbs at home with an indoor herb garden. Many hydroponic systems simply require you to plug in a grow light and refill a water reservoir every couple of weeks. Or, you can opt for a soil-based setup if you're able to give your plants a little more TLC. Either way, an indoor herb garden is a great way to add sustainable spice to your kitchen.
Melissa Smith is an avid writer, scuba diver, backpacker, and all-around outdoor enthusiast. She graduated from the University of Florida with degrees in journalism and sustainable studies. Before joining EcoWatch, Melissa worked as the managing editor of Scuba Diving magazine and the communications manager of The Ocean Agency, a non-profit that's featured in the Emmy award-winning documentary Chasing Coral.
They scoured the vast and various territories of the Soviet Union and tested over 1,000 different species looking for an alternative to the South American rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensi. Eventually, on the steppes of Kazakhstan, they found one.
By 1941, the Russian dandelion, Taraxacum koksaghyz, supplied 30% of the USSR's rubber. During the Second World War, shortages of Havea rubber prompted other countries, including the United States, Britain and Germany, to begin cultivating dandelion rubber.
Once the war was over and supplies returned to normal, these countries — including, ultimately, the Soviets — switched back to Hevea tree rubber because it was cheaper.
But now, with demand for rubber continuing to grow, there is renewed interest in the Russian dandelion, particularly from the tire industry, which consumes 70% of the world's rubber supply.
Diversifying Natural Rubber
Overall, 65% of rubber consumed worldwide is derived from fossil fuels. This synthetic rubber is cheaper and more hardwearing than its natural counterpart. But natural rubber disperses heat better and has better grip, which is why tires are made with a mix of both.
Today, 90% of natural rubber comes from Havea plantations in Southeast Asia, which have been linked to deforestation. And there are commercial as well as environmental reasons the tire industry would like to find an alternative.
Havea rubber trees are vulnerable to a fungal leaf blight that has hit plantations in South America, making some in the tire industry nervous about such dependence on a single crop, with little genetic diversity, grown in a single geographical region.
Developing the Dandelion
Over recent years, projects in both Europe and the US have been taking a fresh shot at making dandelion rubber commercially viable.
Among them is Taraxagum, a collaboration between Continental Tires and the Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology in Aachen, Germany.
"Continental Tires tested the performance of the material and said that it was brilliant — in some cases better than Hevea rubber," said Dirk Prüfer, a plant biotechnologist on the Taraxagum team.
Both Continental and competitor Apollo Tyres have used dandelion rubber to manufacture bike tires, and Continental reports "promising" tests on dandelion truck tires.
Apollo was part of the EU-funded DRIVE4EU consortium, a project that ran from 2014 to 2018 and worked on developing the entire production chain for dandelion rubber, starting with cultivation.
Unlike the rubber tree, the Russian dandelion thrives in temperate climates.
"We cultivated the dandelion in Belgium, the Netherlands and Kazakhstan," said Ingrid van der Meer, coordinator of DRIVE4EU, adding that other researchers had previously cultivated the crop in Sweden, Germany and the United States.
Fewer Chemicals and Poorer Soils
The Russian dandelion can also be grown on relatively poor soils, meaning it doesn't have to compete with agriculture. Prüfer said his team was researching whether brownfield land — former industrial sites that may be heavily polluted — might even be suitable.
"There are big areas like this near Cologne or Aachen that could potentially be used for cultivation," Prüfer said.
Once the dandelions are harvested "hot-water extraction" is used to separate out the rubber. "The roots are chopped up mechanically and water is added," van der Meer explained. "It has to be heated up, but no large volumes of chemicals are needed.
This is in contrast to Hevea rubber extraction, which requires the use of organic solvents, resulting in chemical waste that poses an environmental hazard if not disposed of properly.
Environmental Problems Persist
But while the Russian dandelion could make the production of tires greener, it won't improve their environmental impact once they leave the factory.
As tires are used, they shed microplastics, which are then carried on air and end up in oceans. A recent study found that this source of ocean microplastics amounts to 100,000 metric tons each year.
Then, at the end of their life, most tires finish up in landfill, in part because the mix of rubbers make them difficult to recycle.
"Tires are meant to optimize different kinds of properties, so it's not easy to just use one kind of rubber," said Francesco Piccihoni, an expert in rubber recycling at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands.
"You could make tires from only natural rubber but it degrades faster, meaning you would have to change the tires much more often," Piccihoni added.
Even shifting rubber farming to European wastelands wouldn't automatically avert deforestation in Asia. Georg Cadisch, an expert in tropical agronomy at the University of Hohenheim in Germany, says forests will continue to be felled as long as the land can be used more profitably for agriculture.
"Rubber farmers need to survive, so they would simply produce other crops," he said, adding that rubber plantations in China and Thailand have already been replaced with crops like palm oil or bananas.
Bright Prospects?
Still, proponents of the Russian dandelion argue that as demand rises, we need a source of rubber that doesn't rely on expanding into new areas of forest. Growing it close to European and US tire factories would also means fewer CO2 emissions from transport.
And as far as performance goes, tire makers are impressed.
"The moment natural rubber from the dandelion is available in significant quantities, Apollo will resume using the material and develop other tire products," chief technical officer Daniele Lorenzetti said.
As things stand, though, the supply chain needs some work. "To compete with other rubbers, the production costs of dandelion rubber need to match the market price. This is not yet the case," said van der Meer, who will continue working on optimizing Russian dandelion cultivation.
For now, Europe's wastelands aren't about to be swathed in sunny yellow. But there might just be a bright future for a material that had been consigned to Soviet history.
Reposted with permission from Deutsche Welle.
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Our Picks for the Top Grow Lights
Each product featured here has been independently selected by the writer. If you make a purchase using the links included, we may earn commission.
- Most Efficient - GE LED Grow Light
- Most Powerful - Haus Bright LED Grow Light
- Longest Lasting - Feit Electric LED Full Spectrum Grow Light
- Best for Small Spaces - Hydrofarm Agrobrite Desktop Plant Light
- Best for Seed Trays - Aerogarden LED Grow Light Panel
- Best for Beginners - Sunblaster Mini Greenhouse Beginner Kit
- Best for Larger Plants - Roleadro 75W LED Grow Light
How We Reviewed Indoor Grow Lights
We've put together a list of the best grow lights on the market today based on a number of key factors. In assessing the top indoor grow lights, here are some of the things we looked for:
Type of Grow Light - Grow lights come in three basic varieties: HID, CFL, and LED grow lights We'll get into the distinctions between these categories later. For now, just note that it's one of the primary factors you'll need to consider as you seek the best light for cultivating indoor plants.
Spectrum - You'll also need to determine whether you want cool, warm, or full-spectrum light. Again, we will go into detail on this later, but it can be an important factor to think about as you seek the best grow light to mimic natural sunlight for a particular kind of plant.
Single Bulb vs. Stand - Depending on the kind of plants you have, you may require either a single bulb or a stand. A single bulb is often best to position above a smaller, sun-loving succulent plant. For seedlings that are going to grow, however, a stand may be preferable as it allows you to change the height of your grow light as needed.
Price - Naturally, your budget is one of the factors to consider. We've sought to include indoor grow lights that offer maximum value.
The Best Grow Lights
Based on these factors, we've carefully reviewed top grow light options and determined these to be the most versatile and beneficial for plant owners.
GE
gelighting.com
GE makes energy-efficient LED grow lights in a number of different options for all types of plant-lovers. Made with compact fluorescent bulbs, the GE growth light is highly energy efficient. It creates a natural light that's pleasing to the human eye, and it's both sound-free and produces little heat. LED technology tends to last longer than other types of lights, making this a durable product that should hold up longer.
Why buy: For a long-lasting, energy-efficient grow light that works for a variety of different plants, GE's got you covered. Their bulbs comes in both balanced light spectrum LED and advanced red light spectrum LED options.
Haus Bright
hausbright.com
Haus claims to be the top choice among plant parents, and based on the number of rave reviews there's probably something to that. Not only do they make a great product, but they also offer an excellent customer support. Haus lights are backed with generous 18-month warranties. Their full spectrum bulbs offer an all-in-one light source for plant growers.
Why buy: Haus offers super bright LED plant lights for those seeking the maximum amount of light to help tend their indoor plant life. Their original LED grow light provides full spectrum artificial light for plants at all stages of growth.
Feit Electric
feit.com
Feit Electric makes a variety of grow lights that are equally suited for greenhouses and for household plant growth in small spaces. Their LED full spectrum bulb works in both soil or hydroponic gardens, and produces more red and blue light, as opposed to the white light that many LED bulbs favor. Blue light is said to be better for growing tall, leafy plants, while red light encourages flowering and fruiting.
Why buy: For a durable indoor grow light designed to produce a better photosynthetic response, check out the LED lights from Feit. Their bulbs can last for more than 20 years and are low on energy consumption as well as heat emission.
Hydrofarm
Hydrofarm.com
Hydrofarm is one of the oldest, most trusted providers of indoor gardening supplies in the nation. Their Agrobrite brand is especially useful for anyone seeking full lighting systems or kits, but they have many options for custom indoor lighting needs. We like their AgroBrite Desktop Plant Light with a flexible gooseneck style that can provide enough light to keep a plant thriving on a desk or table.
Why buy: An outstanding choice for experienced gardeners who have a good sense of what they really need, Hydrofarm offers both industrial-sized grow lighting and reflector products from leading brands as well as options for indoor plants at home.
Aerogarden
aerogarden.com
Aerogarden is another brand that has won the trust of indoor gardeners. They boast some first-rate lights that combine red, blue, and white light spectrums, allowing you to provide your plant with exactly what it requires for healthy growth. Their LED Grow Light Panel features an adjustable stand and can rotate 360 degrees, making it a great option for every stage of plant growth.
Why buy: Aerogarden offers solid products available for a competitive price. Their LED Grow Light Panel can provide red, blue, and white LED light for plants in soil, hydroponics, and aquaponics.
Sunblaster
sunblasterlighting.com
Sunblaster has been making indoor grow lights for more than 20 years now, and in that time, they've developed a reputation for excellence. Their products are known for being really easy to use, and for displaying consistent performance over the long haul. While they offer a number of different bulbs and lamps, we especially love their Mini Greenhouse Beginner Kit for seedlings.
Why buy: Sunblaster is a favorite among gardeners, thanks to easy-to-use and highly durable lighting products. Their seed starting Mini Greenhouse Beginner Kit is perfect for anyone looking to start growing seedlings for garden herbs, vegetables, and leafy greens.
Roleadro
If you're looking for full lighting panels or systems, Roleadro offers aesthetically pleasing products in a number of different light spectrums. Their 75W Full Spectrum LED Grow Light produces an exclusive spectrum of red and blue light, is safe for indoor use, comes with easy-to-install hanging brackets, and includes a 30-month warranty.
Why buy: Roleadro is one of the top options for lighting panels and more large-scale grow lights, but their LED grow light options are also great for indoor gardening and come at a very reasonable price.
What Type of Grow Light Should You choose?
When it comes to indoor grow lights, there are plenty of great options to choose from. The question is, how do you assess the specific type of grow light you need for your indoor garden?
One thing you'll definitely want to think about is the different spectrums, or color temperature, of light that are available. As we noted above, different lamps may allow you to choose between cool, warm, and full-spectrum light. Each type of light is well-suited to different kinds of plant growth.
Specifically, cool light tends to emphasize the blue side of the color spectrum. This type of light is crucial for vegetative growth. Warm light, which emphasizes the red side of the spectrum, is likely to be more useful for helping your plants to fruit or to blossom. Full-spectrum lights will offer you the complete range.
In addition, you'll need to think about how many total plants you have, and the relative size of your indoor garden. For a single plant, a simple bulb is probably sufficient. But if you're trying to cultivate a room full of succulents, then a full lighting kit or panel may be more beneficial.
How Do Grow Lights Work?
Grow lights supply artificial sunlight that support the photosynthesis and germination of your indoor plants. They enable you to grow plants or vegetables no matter the climate outside. There are a number of specific types of indoor grow lights available. Here are the three primary options:
CFL
Compact fluorescent lights, or CFLs, can be screwed into any incandescent light fixture. These smaller bulbs are perfect for narrow spaces, and also deliver high energy efficiency. For more small-scale indoor gardens, CFL bulbs typically work just fine.
LED
Alternatively, LED lights are considerably more expensive. With that said, they only use half as much energy, and they can last up to five times longer. As such, they may represent the better long-term value. They also emit a much higher intensity of light than what you'd get from a CFL.
HID
The third and final type of indoor grow light is known as HID, or high intensity discharge. The light intensity from an HID unit penetrates deeper into the foliage than CFLs or LEDs, and can be the better option for growing larger plants, like tomatoes. With that said, HID lights require their own special fixtures, which means they aren't quite as beginner-friendly as the other two options.
Again, most of the indoor grow lights you will come across fit neatly into one of these categories. Understanding the distinctions is a crucial step toward finding the best indoor gardening solution.
Enjoy Year-Round Gardening With the Best Grow Lights
Gardening can be a highly rewarding activity, whether you choose to do it inside or out. If you prefer the former, you'll need to invest in the right equipment, and that means good indoor lighting. Be sure you understand all the important performance factors that are involved in selecting the best grow light for your indoor garden.
Josh Hurst is a journalist, critic, and essayist. He lives in Knoxville, TN, with his wife and three sons. He covers natural health, nutrition, supplements, and clean energy. His writing has appeared in Health, Shape, and Remedy Review.
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The Big Idea
Indoor cannabis production is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, and the environmental effects vary significantly depending on where it is being grown, according to our new study.
The lights used to grow weed indoors use a lot of electricity, but facilities require a lot of energy to maintain a comfortable environment for the plants. That means air conditioners or heaters to maintain proper temperatures. Producers also pump carbon dioxide inside to increase plant growth. This accounts for 11% to 25% of facilities' greenhouse gas emissions.
But the biggest energy use comes from the need to constantly bring fresh air into growing facilities. All of this outside air needs to be treated so that it is the correct temperature and humidity. This is a very energy-intensive process since the air exchange rate is typically so high.
All of these inputs contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, a lot more in some regions than others.
Using Department of Energy, Environmental Protection Agency and industry data, we found that growing pot indoors leads to higher greenhouse gas emissions in the Mountain West, Midwest, Alaska and Hawaii than compared to the Pacific and Atlantic coasts. This is because climates are milder on the coasts, so you need less heating or air conditioning and because the electric grids use more clean energy.
Cannabis grown in Southern California has the lowest emissions, at 143 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalent per ounce of dried cannabis. Meanwhile, eastern O'ahu in Hawaii has the highest emissions, at 324 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalent per ounce. That's roughly equivalent to burning 16 gallons of gasoline.
Places with more extreme temperatures and fewer renewable energy sources had the highest greenhouse gas emissions. Jason Quinn / CC BY-ND
Why It Matters
Policymakers and consumers aren't paying much attention to environmental impacts of the cannabis industry. In Colorado, the weed industry accounts for 1.3% of the state's total annual emissions. This is similar to emissions from coal mining and trash collection for the entire state.
Currently, there is little to no regulation on emissions for growing cannabis indoors. Consumers aren't thinking about the environmental effect either. As a whole, this industry is developing and expanding very quickly without consideration for the environment.
What Still Isn't Known
The cannabis industry is so new that researchers don't even know how much is grown indoors. Additionally, every indoor operation is unique. Some are old warehouses using outdated equipment, while others are much more energy-efficient.
Growing cannabis outdoors or in greenhouses could be one way to remove the need for lights and environmental controls. However, researchers don't know the greenhouse gas emissions associated with these growth methods either. All these unknowns make it hard to develop polices or best management practices.
Chart: The Conversation, CC-BY-ND. Source: Jason Quinn. Get the data
What's Next
Our team's goal is to better quantify and communicate the environmental impact of cannabis production so that those who want to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will be better informed.
We aim to show greenhouse gas emissions per serving of tetrahydrocannabinol, the chemical that produces the "high." Our preliminary results show that one serving of THC – roughly 10 mg of dried flower – is likely to have higher greenhouse gas emissions than a serving of beer, wine, spirits, coffee or cigarettes, regardless of the location the weed was grown.
Our team is also interested in understanding where weed could be grown if federal legalization happens. Legalization might allow policymakers and producers to grow weed in places and in ways that are much more environmentally friendly, but they need the knowledge to do so.
Jason Quinn is an associate professor in mechanical engineering and director of the Sustainability Research Laboratory, Colorado State University.
Hailey Summers is a Ph.D. student in mechanical engineering and sustainability, Colorado State University.
Disclosure statements: The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
Reposted with permission from The Conversation.
If you've ever seen lilac bushes crushed by snowdrifts, then budding on a warm day just a few weeks later, you may wonder how plants tolerate such extremes. I study how climate change affects the timing of seasonal events in the life cycles of plants, birds and insects in Massachusetts, so I know that species have evolved here to handle New England's famously changeable weather. But a warming climate is disrupting weather patterns and testing the abilities of many species to adapt.
Tolerating Cold
On brutal winter days when temperatures are far below freezing, animals hibernate underground or huddle in protected spots. But trees and shrubs have to sit there and take it. The tissues in their trunks, branches and roots are alive. How do they survive the freezing cold?
In autumn, woody plants in many parts of North America start preparing for winter. When their leaves change color and fall, their twigs, branches and trunks start to lose water. As a result, their cells contain higher concentrations of sugars, salts and organic compounds.
This lowers the freezing point of the cells and tissues, and allows them to survive temperatures far below the normal freezing point of water. The trick has its limits, though, so extreme cold events can still kill certain plants.
Tree and shrub roots remain largely unchanged and inactive during winter, relying on insulation from snow and soil for protection. For the most part, the temperature of the soil around roots stays at or above freezing. Soil, fallen leaves and persistent snow layers insulate the ground above the roots and prevent it from losing heat.
The Surprising Danger of Spring Frosts
After plants stoically withstand cold winters, early spring brings new dangers. Plants need to leaf out as early as they can in spring to take full advantage of the growing season. But this involves pumping water into their developing leaves, which reduces the concentration of sugars, salts and organic compounds in their tissues and removes their winter protection from cold.
Each species has a characteristic leaf-out time. Early-leafing species such as blueberries and willows are the gamblers of the plant kingdom. Later species, like oak and pine, are the cautious and conservative types. For any species, leafing out too early is a risk because late frosts can damage or kill young leaves.
Flowers are also vulnerable to unpredictable spring frosts because they contain lots of water. If the flowers of fruit trees, such as apples, are killed by frost, the trees won't produce fruit later in the summer. Late frosts also can cause disappointingly short flowering seasons for early-flowering ornamental plants such as forsythias and magnolias.
Plant Wake-Up Calls
To guard against frost and still take advantage of the full growing season, trees and shrubs have developed three ways to know when it is time to start growing in spring.
First, plants have winter chilling requirements: They hold on to winter dormancy until they have been exposed to a certain number of cold winter days. This trait helps them avoid leafing or flowering during abnormally warm periods in midwinter.
Second, plants also have spring warming requirements that promote growth after they experience a certain number of warm days each spring. This feature helps them start to grow as soon as it is warm enough.
Third, some plants also have a photoperiod response, which means they react to the length of time they are exposed to light in a 24-hour period. This prepares them to leaf out as days get longer and warmer in the spring. Beech trees have both a warming requirement and a photoperiod response, but the temperature requirement is much stronger, so they get going after just a few warm days in late spring.
Interestingly, North American trees such as red maple and black birch are more cautious and conservative than European and East Asian trees. The weather in eastern North America is more variable, and the threat of late spring frosts is higher here than in those regions. As a result, North American trees have evolved to leaf out a few weeks later than comparable trees from Europe and East Asia.
Climate Change Scrambles the Signals
Plants are highly attuned to temperature signals, so warming driven by climate change is making it harder for many species to withstand winter cold and spring frosts. As spring temperatures get warmer than in the past, trees such as apples and pears may respond by leafing out and flowering several weeks earlier than normal. This can increase their vulnerability to late frosts.
The leaves on this cherry tree have suffered damage from a late frost. Richard Primack, CC BY-ND
Such late frosts are becoming more common because climate change is destabilizing the jet stream, leading it to dip much farther south, bringing bursts of unusually cold weather.
In 2007, an exceptionally warm period in March triggered trees to leaf out across the eastern and central United States. A hard frost in April then killed the young leaves and flowers of oaks, hickories and other tree species. The trees were able to produce a second crop of leaves, but could not fully replace the leaves they'd lost, which quite likely stunted their growth for that year.
Insect pests also pose an increasing threat to plants. Harsh winter weather holds in check many insects found in northern climates, such as hemlock woolly adelgids and emerald ash borers. As winters become milder, these insects are more likely to survive, move further northward, cause major outbreaks and damage trees.
Warmer winters also lead to more days when the ground is bare. Cold snaps that occur when there is no insulating layer of snow can freeze the soil and kill roots. Tree and shrub branches then die back because the damaged roots cannot supply enough water and nutrients. In extreme cases, the plants may die.
In coming decades, many cold-loving tree species such as spruces and firs will become less abundant when they are not able to handle new challenges associated with a warmer climate. In the Northeast U.S., native species such as sugar maple and beech will be gradually replaced by native species from farther south, such as oaks and hickories. And nonnative species, such as Norway maples, are taking advantage of these disruptions to disperse into forests from roadsides and neighborhoods.
Similar shifts are happening in many places as climate change alters the signals plants rely on to mark the changing seasons.
Richard B. Primack is a professor of biology at Boston University.
Disclosure statement: Richard B. Primack does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
Reposted with permission from The Conversation.
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