Deforestation from Palm Oil Plantations in Papua. Mighty / Flickr
By Mikaela Weisse and Katie Fletcher
This edition of Places to Watch examines forest clearing detected between Nov. 9, 2017, and Jan. 31, 2018 in Indonesian Papua, Cameroon and Brazil. Due to occasional cloud cover that can obscure satellite recognition, some loss may have occurred earlier.
<p><strong>Oil Palm Plantation Encroaching on Primary Forest in Indonesian Papua</strong></p><p><img alt="</p data-verified=" redactor="" src="http://www.wri.org/sites/default/files/uploads/places-to-watch-1_0.png"></p><p class="caption">Oil palm stretches out to the horizon in what was previously primary forest in the PT Bio Inti Agrindo concession, owned by POSCO Daewoo. Photo credit: Mighty.</p><p>Fears that the forests of Indonesian Papua would be the <a href="http://www.dw.com/en/palm-oil-versus-paradise-in-papua/a-19518922" target="_blank">next frontier</a> for <a href="http://www.ecowatch.com/tag/palm-oil">oil palm</a> expansion are coming true, according to new satellite imagery analysis. Papua is home to more than a third of Indonesia's remaining intact forest and experienced <a href="http://bit.ly/2papSwo" target="_blank">unprecedented tree cover loss</a> in 2015 and 2016. GLAD alerts since November show <a href="http://bit.ly/2FGe2jU" target="_blank">further forest clearing,</a> most likely for oil palm.</p><p>According to a report by the NGO awasMIFEE!, various Indonesian government agencies have <a href="https://awasmifee.potager.org/uploads/2012/03/mifee_en.pdf" target="_blank">actively promoted</a> large scale-agricultural investment in southern Papua. This has resulted in several new oil palm projects, including investment in the <a href="http://bit.ly/2HL6zl8" target="_blank">PT Bio Inti Agrindo (PT BIA)</a> concession highlighted in the <a href="http://bit.ly/2FCryFq" target="_blank">previous edition of Places to Watch</a>. PT BIA Block II has resulted in more than 20,000 hectares (49,500 acres) of tree cover loss since 2013, most of it in primary forest, <a href="http://bit.ly/2GbcFNA" target="_blank">with around 2,300 hectares (5,580 acres) affected</a> since November, according to GLAD alerts.</p><p class="shortcode-media shortcode-media-rebelmouse-image">
<img type="lazy-image" data-runner-src="https://assets.rebelmouse.io/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpbWFnZSI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXNzZXRzLnJibC5tcy8xNzQ4MTQzNS9vcmlnaW4ucG5nIiwiZXhwaXJlc19hdCI6MTYxNzE3MzQzOH0.85HcpBW_fDzFR9SI9MNwR-8fBh5T4mJCA53R4uViAlI/img.png?width=980" id="22cc7" class="rm-shortcode" data-rm-shortcode-id="a18cc1a6e73fc28e3fe6bdc37a89a728" data-rm-shortcode-name="rebelmouse-image">
</p><p>However, this loss of primary forest has sparked opposition. <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2015/08/norways-wealth-fund-expels-posco-daewoo-intl-over-palm-oil-holdings/" target="_blank">Norway's central bank divested</a> from PT BIA owner POSCO Daewoo in 2015 over <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/tag/deforestation">deforestation</a> concerns in the concession and in June 2017, Mighty Earth sent out a letter <a href="http://www.mightyearth.org/buyers-beware-posco-daewoos-deforestation-palm-oil-is-ready-for-international-markets/" target="_blank">warning palm oil buyers</a> that purchases from POSCO Daewoo would violate their No Deforestation and RSPO (Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil) commitments. <a href="http://www.mightyearth.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/mightychart-2.pdf" target="_blank">More than 20 companies</a> including Clorox, Colgate Palmolive, IKEA, L'Oreal, Mars and Unilever have said they will exclude POSCO Daewoo from their supply chains. In December, Boots, the UK's largest drugstore retailer, <a href="http://www.mightyearth.org/posco-daewoo-dropped-uk-chain-announces-moratorium/" target="_blank">dropped its retail partnership</a> with POSCO Daewoo. In response to this pressure, POSCO Daewoo <a href="https://www.politico.eu/pro/uk-drugstore-boots-cuts-ties-with-major-palm-oil-producer/?utm_source=POLITICO.EU&utm_campaign=6654f793d9-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2018_01_16&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_10959edeb5-6654f793d9-189962025" target="_blank">reportedly instated</a> a temporary moratorium on new clearing, and since the start of 2018, there have been less than 10 hectares (25 acres) of GLAD alerts detected within the concession.<br></p><p>GLAD alerts also detected thousands of hectares of recent clearing in Papua within <a href="http://bit.ly/2HQ2ETY" target="_blank">PT Agrinusa Persada Mulia</a>, a subsidiary of the Ganda Group, and <a href="http://bit.ly/2HN8N3D" target="_blank">PT Central Cipta Persada</a> oil palm concessions.</p><p><strong>Cameroon Rubber Plantation Nears Protected Habitat of Elephants, Gorillas and Leopards</strong></p><p class="caption"><img alt="<p data-verified=" redactor="" src="http://www.wri.org/sites/default/files/uploads/places-to-watch-2_0.png">Clearing within the Sudcam plantation. Photo credit: Vivian Breckenridge</p><p>A rubber plantation company in Cameroon is expanding its activities toward the edge of the Dja Wildlife Reserve <a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/407" target="_blank">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>. GLAD tree cover loss alerts <a href="http://bit.ly/2FN7xA7" target="_blank">show nearly 1,000 hectares (2,500 acres)</a> of tree cover were affected from November 2017 through January 2018, including previously unfragmented intact forest areas. In total, more than 3,000 hectares (7,500 acres), an area about one-fourth the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Florence" target="_blank">size of Florence, Italy</a>, has been cleared since 2014. The UNESCO forest area is home to <a href="http://www.ecowatch.com/tag/endangered-species">endangered species</a> such as chimpanzees, forest <a href="http://www.ecowatch.com/tag/elephants">elephants</a>, western lowland gorillas, and a nearly extinct leopard species, with neighboring villages home to around <a href="http://www.greenpeace.org/africa/Global/africa/Forests/Publications/2-Sudcam%E2%80%99s%20Environmental%20Impact%20Assessment.pdf" target="_blank">9,500 people</a>.<br></p><p>The rubber plantation is owned by Sudcam, a subsidiary of the world's largest natural rubber company Halcyon Agri Corporation, with a China-based parent company Sinochem International. <a href="https://www.cifor.org/library/5474/socioecological-responsibility-and-chinese-overseas-investments-the-case-of-rubber-plantation-expansion-in-cameroon/" target="_blank">According to a CIFOR report</a>, Sudcam has come under scrutiny because the plantation expansion involves clearing of "some 40,000 hectares of natural forests" buffering a park with rich <a href="http://www.ecowatch.com/tag/biodiversity">biodiversity</a> and protected species. The report notes that while the project has the potential to create needed employment in the areas, many of the communities are not eligible for compensation for loss of customary land to the plantation, as Cameroonian expropriation laws do not recognize customary rights. <a href="http://whc.unesco.org/archive/2016/whc16-40com-7B-en.pdf" target="_blank">UNESCO</a> authorities and <a href="http://www.greenpeace.org/africa/en/News/news/UNESCO-fails-to-protect-Cameroons-Dja-Reserve-from-multiple-threats-including-the-Sudcam-rubber-plantation/" target="_blank">Greenpeace</a> have raised concerns over the project's impacts on community rights and the Dja Wildlife reserve.</p><h3>Brazil's Brutal 2017 Fires Cause Massive Forest Degradation</h3><p class="caption"><img alt="<p data-verified=" redactor="" src="http://www.wri.org/sites/default/files/uploads/places-to-watch-3_0.png">Fires in Araguaia National Park visible through satellite imagery. Photo: Planet Labs, Inc.</p><p>Brazil's <a href="http://www.inpe.br/queimadas/portal/estatistica_paises" target="_blank">fire season</a> in 2017 was among the most severe since fire detection began in 1999. Analysis suggests that more and more of these fires are <a href="https://oglobo.globo.com/brasil/brasil-termina-2017-com-numero-recorde-de-queimadas-desde-1999-22204556" target="_blank">happening in natural forest</a>, in areas that normally would only burn very rarely. In the Amazon, where nearly all of these fires <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/28/brazil-forest-fires-deforestation-september-record-amazon" target="_blank">are manmade</a>, officials attribute the increase in <a href="http://www.ecowatch.com/tag/wildfires">fires</a> last year to a lack of law enforcement for fire use. Fires are also linked to forest degradation, which makes forests <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2017/10/record-amazon-fires-stun-scientists-sign-of-sick-degraded-forests/" target="_blank">more vulnerable</a> to future fire, and deforestation, which <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2003JD003494/full" target="_blank">causes local drought</a> that makes fires more likely.</p><p>GLAD alerts were detected in several forest areas affected by fire in recent months, including in the <a href="http://bit.ly/2FBoKw0" target="_blank">Xingu</a>, <a href="http://bit.ly/2HrN6EY" target="_blank">Kayapó</a>, <a href="http://bit.ly/2FFI47H" target="_blank">Xikrin do Rio Catete</a> and <a href="http://bit.ly/2FEHmaq" target="_blank">Arariboia</a> Indigenous Reserves. The fires occurred primarily in August through October of 2017, but were only recently detected by GLAD alerts due to cloud cover and smoke that blocked previous satellite detection.</p><p><strong>Brazilian Parks Left Vulnerable as Unprecedented Fires Eat Away at Forest Edges</strong></p><p>In Brazil's Araguaia National Park and neighboring Cantão State Park, GLAD alerts since November <a href="http://bit.ly/2G4092y" target="_blank">detected around 17,500 hectares (43,000 acres)</a> of forest affected by fires. Though <a href="http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/roads/2015/06/bananal_island_a_conflict_between_park_rangers_and_indigenous_people_threatens.html" target="_blank">disputes remain</a> over the boundaries of Araguaia, park staff estimate that 400,000 hectares, or <a href="https://g1.globo.com/to/tocantins/noticia/brigadistas-desistem-de-combater-incendios-e-deixam-parque-nacional-apos-70-da-reserva-ser-devastada.ghtml" target="_blank">around 70 percent</a> of the park's total area (forest and non-forest), burned in the 2017 fire season. According to George Georgiadis, executive director of local NGO Instituto Araguaia, the fires in the area occurred due to a "perfect storm" of conditions—lack of rain, low humidity and strong winds—making fires that would normally be easily suppressed uncontrollable.</p><p>Araguaia and Cantão sit at the transition between Brazil's forested Amazon and savannah-like Cerrado biomes, creating a <a href="http://arpa.mma.gov.br/en/parque-estadual-do-cantao-in-the-state-of-tocantins-to/" target="_blank">unique ecosystem</a> with biodiversity from both biomes. The 2017 fires mostly burned in the understory and damaged leaves and undergrowth, which will recover quickly. However, the drier forest edges experienced more intense burning, <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-tropical-ecology/article/fire-as-a-largescale-edge-effect-in-amazonian-forests/F6DAAF3B48F920615CA6B54FC7D5704A" target="_blank">leaving them more vulnerable</a> to repeated burning from which they may not recover. Georgiadis noted that as these fires "eat away at it [the forest edge], the landscape becomes more flammable."</p><p><strong>A Time to Take Action</strong></p><p>Government agencies, private companies and local people have the power to stop deforestation before it is too late, and readers like you can help this process by drawing public attention to these areas. We encourage you to share these places, including on social media using #PlacesToWatch.</p><p class="shortcode-media shortcode-media-twitter_embed">
</p><div id="288cc" class="rm-shortcode" data-rm-shortcode-id="9QHZMF1576662748"><blockquote class="twitter-tweet twitter-custom-tweet" data-twitter-tweet-id="957415447120564224" data-partner="rebelmouse"><div style="margin:1em 0">Climate Change and Deforestation Threaten World’s Largest Tropical Peatland https://t.co/IXc0oRAeai @WildForests @NPCA @SkyRainforest</div> — EcoWatch (@EcoWatch)<a href="https://twitter.com/EcoWatch/statuses/957415447120564224">1517100605.0</a></blockquote></div>
<p></p><p><em>Places to Watch is an initiative that uses weekly <a href="http://www.glad.umd.edu/projects/global-forest-watch" target="_blank">GLAD alerts</a> on Global Forest Watch to spot changes in forests around the globe and identify the most consequential cases of recent deforestation.</em><br></p>
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Like many other plant-based foods and products, CBD oil is one dietary supplement where "organic" labels are very important to consumers. However, there are little to no regulations within the hemp industry when it comes to deeming a product as organic, which makes it increasingly difficult for shoppers to find the best CBD oil products available on the market.
<p>Here you can learn about the importance of organic hemp oil, why it's better for the environment, and which CBD companies actually make trustworthy products with sustainable farming processes. origins which weigh heavily on many consumers who want to buy a product that's produced in the best way possible for not only themselves to ingest, but for the environment as well through sustainable farming methods. </p><h2>What Is CBD Oil?</h2><p>First things first, CBD stands for cannabidiol, and it's a cannabinoid found within cannabis sativa plants. This plant compound is believed to have many potential benefits, and it is primarily derived from hemp plants via a CO2 extraction process. </p><p>Since CBD is extracted from industrial hemp, which contains only trace amounts of THC (the psychoactive component in cannabis plants), this means that CBD won't make you feel high like marijuana, which has much higher levels of THC that causes psychoactive effects. Instead, the effects of CBD are much more subtle and promote a general sense of calm and relaxation in most users.</p><h2>What Makes a CBD Oil Organic?</h2><p>In terms of organic labels, perhaps the most important (and prominent) certification comes from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). This government organization has been labeling foods as "organic" for many years, but what exactly does this certification entail? Essentially, a label indicating that a product is "USDA Organic" or "Certified Organic" means that at least 95% of the ingredients are obtained from organic sources.</p><p>For a crop to be considered organic by the USDA, it must be grown without the use of industrial solvents, irradiation, genetic engineering (GMOs), synthetic pesticides, or chemical fertilizer. Instead, farmers rely on natural substances and <a href="https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2012/03/22/organic-101-what-usda-organic-label-means" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">mechanical, physical, or biologically based farming</a> techniques to cultivate healthy and organic crops.</p><p>Before the passage of the 2018 Farm Bill, no hemp-derived products could be dubbed as "certified organic" since the hemp plant and its extracts were still categorized as a Schedule I Controlled Substance. However, it's still difficult for CBD companies to obtain a USDA certified organic label for their products due to the legal grey area that still surrounds CBD extracts. </p><p>Because of these challenges, and due to the fact that industrial hemp has only recently become an agricultural crop, very few CBD oils are USDA certified organic. Rather, many CBD products contain hemp extracts from plants that were grown in organic conditions but may not be federally certified.</p><h2>What are the Best Organic CBD Oil Brands?</h2><p><em>Each product featured here has been independently selected by the writer. If you make a purchase using the links included, we may earn commission.</em></p><em><br></em>
<h2>Why Organic Hemp Oil Matters</h2><p>Hemp is a unique plant, not only for its rich cannabinoid content, but also for its ability to absorb a wide variety of components in soil. But this trait poses great risks when it comes to the creation of CBD products derived from hemp.</p><p>Because hemp has a high capacity for compound uptake, this means that the plants can retain <a href="https://www.remedyreview.com/industry/lab-test-results/" target="_blank">harmful chemicals like pesticides</a>, heavy metals, and other residual solvents. This is especially true when it comes to synthetic chemicals that are more toxic to humans, and difficult to remove once they have been absorbed by the hemp plant.</p><p>Organic farming practices help reduce the risk of hemp crops absorbing harsh chemicals that may later end up in CBD oil after extraction. When you're taking CBD as a wellness supplement to help alleviate your symptoms or improve your overall well-being, the last thing you want is to ingest compounds that might negatively outweigh the benefits of CBD. This is an important reason to look for third party lab test results when shopping for CBD products since these certificates of analysis can show the full cannabinoid and terpene profile of a hemp extract, as well as test results that search for the presence of any residual solvents.</p><p>In addition to creating a better end product, organic farming practices are also better for the environment. Sustainable and organic farming methods may <a href="https://www.helpguide.org/articles/healthy-eating/organic-foods.htm" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">reduce pollution, conserve water, reduce soil erosion, increase soil fertility, and use less energy</a>. The use of natural pest deterrents as opposed to chemical pesticides is also better for nearby animal populations and ecosystems.</p><h3>Organic vs. Natural</h3><p>While there are only a select few companies offering certified organic ingredients in their products, almost every brand in the CBD market creates "natural" products. The term "all-natural" or "plant-based" does not mean that a product is organic, and since hemp oil is a natural derivative of hemp plants, these products are often referred to as all-natural. However, there are some synthetic CBD oils that should be avoided because they are chemically constructed and may produce unwanted side effects that are not caused by naturally derived CBD extracts.</p><h2>What are the Benefits of Organic CBD Oil?</h2><p>There's a long list of potential CBD oil health benefits, and some of the most common wellness advantages include:</p><ul class="ee-ul"><li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2503660/" target="_blank">Chronic pain relief</a></li><li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4604171/" target="_blank">Anti-anxiety effects</a></li><li>Better sleep</li><li><a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/inner-source/201901/cbd-oil-mental-health-should-you-take-it-too" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Improvements in mood</a></li><li>Internal balance and regulation</li></ul><p>When dealing with pain, inflammation, sleep issues, and mental health struggles, it can be hard to find sufficient treatment options. The use of certain prescriptions can cause unwanted side effects, yet they are often the only solution for patients with these medical conditions. In search of other therapies, people have started to flock towards CBD oil as an alternative remedy for a variety of conditions. However, it should be noted that CBD products are not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and you should seek your doctor's advice before using CBD if you have a serious medical condition.</p><h2>Look at the Labels Before You Buy CBD Oil</h2><p>When you go online to buy CBD oil, you'll quickly realize there is an overwhelming number of brands that are saturating the market. It can be difficult to determine which products are truly as good as they make themselves out to be. Always look for up-to-date third-party lab tests so you know you are getting a great product, and don't hesitate to contact the brand if you have any additional questions. And if you're intent on purchasing 100% organic CBD oil, it's best to look for certified products or brands that are held to strict regulatory standards.</p><p><strong>Melena Gurganus </strong>is the Reviews Editor at EcoWatch. She is passionate health and wellness and her writing aims to help others find products they can trust. Her work has been featured in publications such as Health, Shape, Huffington Post, Cannabis Business Times, and Bustle.<br></p>
Spruce
<img type="lazy-image" data-runner-src="https://assets.rebelmouse.io/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpbWFnZSI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXNzZXRzLnJibC5tcy8yNDY4NjI3OC9vcmlnaW4uanBnIiwiZXhwaXJlc19hdCI6MTYyOTM2NzgzOX0.axY0HjeqRctJsR_KmDLctzDpUBLBN-oNIdqaXDb4caQ/img.jpg?width=980" id="774be" class="rm-shortcode" data-rm-shortcode-id="8379f35b1ca8a86d0e61b7d4bfc8b46e" data-rm-shortcode-name="rebelmouse-image" alt="spruce organic cbd oil" data-width="710" data-height="959" /><p>As one of the best brands in the business, Spruce CBD is well-known for its potent CBD oils that feature many additional beneficial phytocannabinoids. This brand works with two family-owned, sustainably focused farms in the USA (one located in Kentucky and one in North Carolina) to create its organic, small product batches. The max potency Spruce CBD oil contains 2400mg of full-spectrum CBD extract, but the brand also offers a lower strength tincture with 750mg of CBD in total.</p>
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CBDistillery
<img type="lazy-image" data-runner-src="https://assets.rebelmouse.io/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpbWFnZSI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXNzZXRzLnJibC5tcy8yNDcwMjkzNC9vcmlnaW4uanBnIiwiZXhwaXJlc19hdCI6MTYyMTU4OTM4Nn0.ypRdeDSBcE87slYrFfVrRwtJ2qGIK6FD5jBB4pndTMo/img.jpg?width=980" id="b473b" class="rm-shortcode" data-rm-shortcode-id="9930b53c9d58cb49774640a61c3e3e75" data-rm-shortcode-name="rebelmouse-image" alt="cbdistillery cbd oil" data-width="1244" data-height="1244" /><p>All of the products from CBDistillery are <a href="https://ushempauthority.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">U.S. Hemp Authority Certified</a>, and for good reason. The company only uses non-GMO and pesticide-free industrial hemp that's grown organically on Colorado farms. Its hemp oils are some of the most affordable CBD products on the market, yet they still maintain a high standard of quality. CBDistillery has a wide variety of CBD potencies across its product line (ranging from 500mg to 5000mg per bottle) and offers both full-spectrum and broad-spectrum CBD oils to give customers a completely thc-free option.</p>
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FAB CBD
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NuLeaf Naturals
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Charlotte's Web
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