The authors of the study say the numbers show a need for policies that will curtail excess energy use, such as flying. guvendemir / E+ / Getty Images
A new international study has pinpointed an enormous chasm in the amount of resources the rich use versus the poor — both within their own countries and compared to an international population, according to a new study published in the journal Nature Energy.
<p>The researchers found that the wealthiest tenth of people use up about 20 times more overall energy than the bottom ten percent, no matter where they are, <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51906530" target="_blank">according to the BBC</a>. The greatest part of the disparity is in <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/tag/transportation" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">transportation</a>, where the wealthiest tenth consume 187 times more fuel than the poorest ten percent.</p>
<p>The researchers from the University of Leeds parsed data from the World Bank and the European Union to calculate the energy consumption of residents in 86 different countries, both highly industrialized and developing countries, according to the study. The researchers also looked at what energy-intensive goods and services different income groups use and how the different income groups spend their money.</p>
<p>The results showed a huge disparity in energy use as income climbs. The study found that as income climbs, people spend more of their money on energy-intensive goods, such as vacations or new cars or second homes that require heating and cooling — all of which leads to increased inequality in energy use, according to the study.</p>
<p>"There needs to be serious consideration to how to change the vastly unequal distribution of global energy consumption to cope with the dilemma of providing a decent life for everyone while, protecting climate and ecosystems," Julia Steinberger, a professor at the University Of Leeds and author on the paper, said in a University of Leeds <a href="https://environment.leeds.ac.uk/faculty/news/article/5311/shining-a-light-on-international-energy-inequality" target="_blank">statement</a>.</p>
<p>The data showed that the top ten percent not only used 187 times the energy for transportation as the bottom ten percent, but the top ten percent actually used more than half the energy used for transportation. Most of that energy use came from <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/tag/fossil%20fuels" rel="noopener noreferrer">fossil fuels</a>, according to the <a href="https://environment.leeds.ac.uk/faculty/news/article/5311/shining-a-light-on-international-energy-inequality" target="_blank">University of Leeds</a>. </p>
<p>When it came to energy use for cooking and heating, the disparity was not as great, but the wealthiest ten percent did use roughly one-third of the energy. That most likely came from the size of their home, according to the <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51906530" target="_blank">BBC</a>. </p>
<p>"This study tells relatively wealthy people like us what we don't want to hear," Kevin Anderson, a professor from the Tyndall Centre in Manchester, England who was not involved in the study, said to the BBC. "The climate issue is framed by us high emitters – the politicians, business people, journalists, academics. When we say there's no appetite for higher taxes on flying, we mean we don't want to fly less. The same is true about our cars and the size our homes. We have convinced ourselves that our lives are normal, yet the numbers tell a very different story."</p>
<p>The authors of the study say the numbers show a need for policies that will curtail excess energy use. It shows a need for improved public transportation, higher taxes on bigger vehicles, and frequent flyer penalties for people who take the most vacations, according to the BBC.</p>
<p>While the world often wags a finger at China and India for their dependence on coal energy and their outsized contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, the average citizen uses far less energy than most Europeans. The study found that only 2 percent of Chinese citizens and 0.02 percent of Indian citizens are in the top 5 percent of energy consumers. </p>
<p>That is a stark contrast from the UK where 20 percent of the public is in the top 5 percent. Germany has 40 percent of its citizens in the top 5 percent, while every single person in Luxembourg is in the top five percent, according to the <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-020-0579-8" target="_blank">study</a>. </p>
<p>The research shows that the rich will have to change their behavior and their consumption habits for countries to wean themselves from fossil fuels and move to a zero-carbon economy.</p>
<p>"Growth and increased consumption continue to be core goals of today's politics and economics," Anne Owen, an author on the paper and a professor in the School of Earth and Environment at the University of Leeds, said in a <a href="https://environment.leeds.ac.uk/faculty/news/article/5311/shining-a-light-on-international-energy-inequality" target="_blank">statement</a>. "The transition to zero carbon energy will be made easier by reduction in demand, which means that top consumers will play an important role in lowering their excess energy consumption."</p>
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By Petros Kusmu, George Patrick Richard Benson
- We can all take steps to reduce the environmental impact of our work-related travels.
- Individual actions — like the six described here — can cumulatively help prompt more collective changes, but it helps to prioritize by impact.
- As the saying goes: be the change you want to see in the world.
<p>For those who, like us, operate in work environments that demand significant amounts of travel, the toll it can take on both their health and the planet is significant — but eco-conscious professionals concerned about their environmental footprint can take tangible and impactful steps to reduce it while they are on the road.</p>
<p>The important overarching principle for reducing one's environmental footprint is "don't sweat the small stuff." <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0013916517710685" target="_blank">Study after study shows</a> that people tend to focus their attention on small, tangible things to help the environment; our intention here is for you to get the most bang for your buck with the actions that are still within your power as an individual. <a href="https://businessblog.trivago.com/sustainable-hospitality-trends-eco-friendly-hotel-tips/" target="_blank">The cumulative impact of these can be absolutely transformative thanks to the buying power of consultants and active professionals</a>, and can help shift entire industries. Furthermore, modeling eco-conscious behaviors at work can encourage colleagues to reflect on their own footprints, particularly for those in senior leadership positions, ultimately creating a "ripple effect" of green behaviors.</p><p>Here are six ways we recommend you get started, in order from the easiest to implement to the most environmentally impactful:</p>
1. Travel With Trust
<p>When looking for a place to stay, look for accommodations that utilize various sustainability standards. This may include facilities that use renewable energies or are a part of coalitions such as <a href="https://www.wemeanbusinesscoalition.org/" target="_blank">We Mean Business</a> that are striving to reduce waste in all aspects of their operations. Use the Global Sustainable Tourism Council's <a href="https://www.gstcouncil.org/gstc-criteria/gstc-recognized-standards-for-hotels/" target="_blank">list</a> of trusted standards used in different countries as a guide.</p>2. Travel Light
<p>Just like at home, traveling is an opportunity to think carefully about what you consume and how. Minimize your use of the mini toiletries at your hotel (most of which are being <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/9/19/20863270/tiny-plastic-toiletries-ban" target="_blank">phased out</a> since they are single-use, non-recyclable plastics). Reduce your overall water footprint by opting for "green choice" programs to reuse your towels and sheets during your stay. Better yet, leave a note saying you would like to see more package-free, sustainable purchasing in all of the hotel's operations! Take a step further by reducing or eliminating your own waste by bringing your own items, like a reusable coffee cup, water bottle and other utensils. (Foldable cups, bottles and utensils are ideal for most business baggage and are a great way to impress clients and colleagues.) More impactfully, change your dietary choices by opting for red meat-free or plant based meals.</p>3. Travel Small
<p>Whether flying, on the ground, or in your room, small is generally better. If you must fly, get better carbon savings by staying in economy. If you can't take a train or bus and need to take a car (taxi, ride-hailing, or otherwise) opt to pool, and look for a small hybrid, or ideally an electric vehicle (EV).</p>4. Travel Slowly
<p>Avoiding air travel all together is an impactful way to reduce your carbon emissions. Compared to most of our European counterparts, those of us in North America have a hard time getting a good train or bus; but Amtrak, VIA Rail, regional transit and bus services are improving and, throughout the world, many of these options are readily available. "<a href="https://www.impacttravelalliance.org/" target="_blank">Slow travel</a>" is gaining traction around the world and offers opportunities to travel not only with lower emissions, but more comfortably, too.</p>5. Travel Regeneratively
<p>Concepts like <a href="https://offset.climateneutralnow.org/" target="_blank">carbon offsetting</a> can be complex, but the principle behind them is simple: if we cannot avoid certain negative impacts in what we do, we must always search for ways to mitigate those impacts. To be fair, there are many valid and varied critiques of carbon offsets and other mechanisms like them. However, so long as air travel and other environmentally significant travel are options that cannot be avoided, negotiate with your employer to purchase carbon offsets as a meaningful way to help repair some of the damage we inflict while doing sometimes unavoidable work.</p>6. Travel Carefully
<p>The most important decision that someone who travels for work can make is whether or not they need to travel at all. Telecommuting isn't always ideal, but the energy associated with travel — particularly for high-income or high-ranking professionals — is immense and one has to really be able to make a clear rationale for why a particular trip matters. Use carbon calculators and have a clear sense of the metrics you're measured on, as to how this trip can contribute (or not) to your work.</p>From Behavioral Change to Systems Change
<p>As Millennials and Generation Z move into positions of greater authority in the workplace, it is incumbent on us to leave a better path for those who come next.</p><p>Many Global Shapers are starting to explore ways to embed sustainable travel in both our individual and organizational practices and we invite you — the reader — to <a href="mailto:%20vancouvershapers@gmail.com?subject=6%20ways%20travelling%20professionals%20can%20cut%20their%20carbon%20footprint%20-%20Feedback" target="_blank">reach out to us</a> with any ideas and suggestions on our list. This could look like building a contractor or employment agreement for your job that explicitly mandates or supports sustainable travel. Better yet, use your conscientious travel as an opportunity to spark an organization-wide conversation about developing a sustainable travel policy.</p><p>In the end, the climate crisis and environmental challenges around the world require both individual and collective action. Global Shapers, and members of the World Economic Forum, are privileged, connected and prominent leaders. We cannot wait for policies or procedures to be in place before we start mobilizing for change, but rather we can and must leverage our positions in society to create the baseline of expectations for living in balance with the planet. As the old saying goes, we must be the change we wish to see in the world.</p>From Your Site Articles
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picture alliance / dpa / F. Rumpenhorst
By Arthur Sullivan
When was the last time you traveled by plane? Various researchers say as little as between 5 and 10 percent of the global population fly in a given year.
<p>But things are changing. According to International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) estimates, there were 3.7 billion global air passengers in 2016 — and every year since 2009 has been a new record-breaker.</p><p>By 2035, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) predicts a rise to 7.2 billion. Like the planes themselves, the numbers just keep going up. And given the damage flying does to the planet, that is food for thought.</p>
Not Just the CO2
<p>Many estimates put aviation's share of global CO2 emissions at just above 2 percent. That's the figure the industry itself generally accepts.</p><p>But according to Stefan Gössling, a professor at Sweden's Lund and Linnaeus universities and co-editor of the book <em>Climate Change and Aviation: Issues, Challenges and Solutions</em>, "That's only half the truth."</p><p>Other aviation emissions such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), water vapor, particulates, contrails and cirrus changes have additional warming effects.</p><img lazy-loadable="true" src="https://assets.rebelmouse.io/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpbWFnZSI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXNzZXRzLnJibC5tcy8yMjYxNTI1Ni9vcmlnaW4uanBnIiwiZXhwaXJlc19hdCI6MTYwNjg1NjU1Mn0.0NisTKvEq1E8-YBYepSwJN_fCx4hqpICceTbH77qX5U/img.jpg?width=980" id="e5c75" class="rm-shortcode" data-rm-shortcode-id="5d1ab2581e4813806bb45a96f7993610" data-rm-shortcode-name="rebelmouse-image" /><p>"The sector makes a contribution to global warming that is at least twice the effect of CO2 alone," Gössling told DW, settling on an overall contribution of 5 percent "at minimum."</p><p>But IATA spokesperson Chris Goater told DW the science behind this so-called 'radiative forcing' is "unproven."</p><p>Even if we accept the 2 percent emissions figure as final, if only 3 percent of the world's population flew last year, that relatively small group still accounted for a disproportionate chunk of global emissions.</p><p>A few years ago, environmental group Germanwatch estimated that a single person taking one roundtrip flight from Germany to the Caribbean produces the same amount of damaging emissions as 80 average residents of Tanzania do in an entire year: around four metric tons of CO2.</p><p>"On an individual level, there is no other human activity that emits as much over such a short period of time as aviation, because it is so energy-intensive," Gössling explained.</p><p>The <a href="http://footprint.wwf.org.uk/" target="_blank">WWF carbon footprint calculator</a> is instructive in this regard. Even a serious environmentalist who eats vegan, heats using solar power and rides a bike to work, but who still take the occasional flight, wouldn't look very green at all.</p><p>Just two hypothetical short-haul return flights and one long-haul round-trip in a given year would outweigh otherwise exemplary behavior.</p>
<img lazy-loadable="true" src="https://assets.rebelmouse.io/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpbWFnZSI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXNzZXRzLnJibC5tcy8yMjYxNTI1Ny9vcmlnaW4ucG5nIiwiZXhwaXJlc19hdCI6MTYwNzU3MTgzOH0.jKIgPd-bNzTKOSZuHK8QU8VjWvwTwUcZKUnwnSvxjJM/img.png?width=980" id="b0bef" class="rm-shortcode" data-rm-shortcode-id="6de6afb8c0deca9c1f9756e4b66fe038" data-rm-shortcode-name="rebelmouse-image" />
New Tech Can't Solve Everything
<p>As awareness of the need to reduce our individual and collective carbon footprints in order to prevent <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/2017-the-year-climate-change-hit/a-41944142" target="_blank">climate catastrophe</a> grows, several industries have come under sustained pressure to find clean solutions.</p><p>The aviation sector made its own promises — in October 2016, 191 nations agreed a UN accord which aims to cut global aviation carbon emissions to 2020 levels by 2035. Another ambitious target of that agreement is for the aviation industry to achieve a 50 percent carbon emission reduction by 2050, compared to 2005 levels.</p><p>Goater says there are four ways in which the aviation industry intends to achieve these things: through carbon offsetting in the short-term, the continued development of more efficient planes, deeper investment in <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/climate-friendly-air-travel-say-what/a-39549089" target="_blank">sustainable fuels</a> — such as biofuels — and through better route efficiency. </p><p>"Basically air traffic control is very inefficient," he explained. "It creates unnecessary fuel burns and more efficient use would create a 10 percent reduction in emissions."</p><p>He also highlights the fact that a number — albeit very few — of commercial flights are now powered with sustainable fuels every day, despite the fact that the first such flight took off less than a decade ago.</p><p>"That was something that happened much faster than anyone was expecting," he says. The key now, in his view, is for the industry to prioritize investment in the area and for governments to commit in the same way they have to<a href="https://www.dw.com/en/the-race-to-e-mobility/a-39954624" target="_blank"> e-mobility</a> in the automobile sector.</p><p>But Gössling and many of his peers remain unconvinced.</p><img lazy-loadable="true" src="https://assets.rebelmouse.io/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpbWFnZSI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXNzZXRzLnJibC5tcy8yMjYxNTI1OC9vcmlnaW4uanBnIiwiZXhwaXJlc19hdCI6MTYyMjg2NzgzMH0.DpRMpn5IQXPADnj9cz2-R7ULpQTbh_4ZNUBByPjRn3g/img.jpg?width=980" id="5c030" class="rm-shortcode" data-rm-shortcode-id="06b67c41817a7293d95290a0ccba1e62" data-rm-shortcode-name="rebelmouse-image" /><p>"I think that essentially we need price hikes," he said. "We did interviews with industry leaders a few months ago and many of them agreed, secretly — they were anonymous interviews — that if we don't have a major price hike for fossil fuels, then there is no way alternative fuels could ever make it."</p><p>Daniel Mittler, political director of environmental NGO Greenpeace, agrees that fossil fuels need to be more expensive. "The first step is to end all fossil fuel subsidies, including those going to aviation and to properly tax the aviation industry," he told DW.</p><p>For Goater, that is not realistic. "Fuel is already a significant proportion of an airline's costs," he said. "Believe me, if we could fly without oil we would."</p>
The hard truth?
<p>So what's to be done? Gössling, who has devoted more than 20 years of research to the subject, sees only one solution.</p><p>"Do we really need to fly as much as we do, or is the amount we fly induced by the industry?" he asked. In addition to artificially <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/unfair-competition-the-battle-between-high-speed-rail-and-low-cost-airlines/a-41716660" target="_blank">low airplane ticket prices,</a> the industry also promotes a lifestyle, he argued.</p><p>"Airline campaigns project an image where you can become part of a group of people who are young, urban frequent flyers, visiting another city every few weeks for very low costs," he said.</p><p>Yet for Goater, the idea of dictating who can fly and when is as unrealistic as it is outdated.</p><img lazy-loadable="true" src="https://assets.rebelmouse.io/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpbWFnZSI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXNzZXRzLnJibC5tcy8yMjYxNTI1OS9vcmlnaW4uanBnIiwiZXhwaXJlc19hdCI6MTYxNTEyNjU1M30.mtQBduN5zaq0pvvbNIbgUO2QuAPUoVTjYtIB7wlc64s/img.jpg?width=980" id="7bd98" class="rm-shortcode" data-rm-shortcode-id="96e4b911d50099f52acd66c3ae827317" data-rm-shortcode-name="rebelmouse-image" /><p>"Reducing emissions needs to be balanced with allowing people the opportunity to fly — I believe that's a settled consensus amongst the mainstream for many years," he said. "It's not up to people in one part of the world to take it on themselves to deny people in other parts of the world those opportunities."</p><p>For Mittler, it comes down to individual choice as much as anything else and he believes that while efficiency gains are vital, the first step is to reduce the amount we fly.</p><p>"We need to move towards a more sharing and caring way of living on this planet," he said, adding that doing without the weekend shop in New York might be one of the least painful ways of contributing to that.</p><p>"We need a prosperity that is based on community and based on real wealth of collective vision, rather than one that is based on relentless consumption. Aviation is a symbol of the kind of consumption that we need to leave behind."</p>
<p> <em>Reposted with permission from <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/to-fly-or-not-to-fly-the-environmental-cost-of-air-travel/a-42090155" target="_blank">Deutsche Welle</a>.<a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/r/entryeditor/2644915801#/" target="_self"></a></em><em></em></p>From Your Site Articles
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JetBlue could soon become the first carbon neutral airline in the U.S. Tomás Del Coro / Flickr / CC BY-SA 2.0
Discount airline, JetBlue, plans to be the nation's first airline to be carbon neutral when it begins in July to purchase carbon offsets for all of its flights, according to CBS News.
<p>"Air travel connects people and cultures, and supports a global economy, yet we must act to limit this critical industry's contributions to climate change," said Robin Hayes, JetBlue's CEO in a <a href="https://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/43347-JetBlue-Prepares-its-Business-for-a-New-Climate-Reality" target="_blank">press release</a>. "We reduce where we can and offset where we can't. By offsetting all of our domestic flying, we're preparing our business for the lower-carbon economy that aviation – and all sectors – must plan for."</p>
<p>JetBlue also announced that starting in July all of its flights departing from San Francisco International Airport will run on "sustainable" fuel.</p><p>The sustainable fuel it will purchase is made by Neste. Called MY Renewable Jet Fuel, the fuel is made 100 percent from waste and residue raw materials. It's fully compatible with existing jet engine technology. The JetBlue <a href="https://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/43347-JetBlue-Prepares-its-Business-for-a-New-Climate-Reality" target="_blank">press release</a> says that throughout its lifecycle, the "sustainable" fuel has a carbon footprint that is up to 80 percent smaller that fossil jet fuel.</p><p>JetBlue will invest in carbon offsets, by donating money to environmental projects including forest conservation; capturing and reusing <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/tag/methane" rel="noopener noreferrer">methane</a> gas emitted from landfills; and developing solar and wind farms in areas that would otherwise rely on fossil fuels for energy, as <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/jetblue-to-power-some-flights-with-sustainable-jet-fuel-and-offset-emissions-from-domestic-flights/" target="_blank">CBS News</a> reported.</p><p>While the company did not disclose the cost, it did say buying carbon offsets would not force the airline to raise prices. </p>
<p>"This is the cost of doing business," said a JetBlue spokeswoman in an email to <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/jetblue-to-power-some-flights-with-sustainable-jet-fuel-and-offset-emissions-from-domestic-flights/" target="_blank">CBS News</a>. "We've always anticipated customer's need and expectations — from TV to leg room. From a business perspective this is similar. The difference is that in addition to answering our customers' needs, it also addresses an urgent societal issue, growing emissions."</p><p>The airline produces over 8 million metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions each year. The company is working on a plan to compensate for international flights, said Sophia Mendelsohn, JetBlue's head of sustainability, as <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-01-06/jetblue-takes-steps-to-become-first-carbon-neutral-u-s-airline" target="_blank">Bloomberg News</a> reported.</p><p>The move to buy offsets now also makes financial sense as the demand for carbon offsets increases with public pressure. </p><p>"By purchasing these now, we're ostensibly locking in a hedge against rising CO2 prices," said Mendelsohn as <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-01-06/jetblue-takes-steps-to-become-first-carbon-neutral-u-s-airline" target="_blank">Bloomberg News</a> reported. Other U.S. carriers purchase offsets on a far more limited basis.</p>
<p>JetBlue is following in the footsteps of Europe's second-largest discount airline, EasyJet, which announced in November that it would be the first airline to offset emissions from its flights, according to <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-01-06/jetblue-takes-steps-to-become-first-carbon-neutral-u-s-airline" target="_blank">Bloomberg News</a>.</p>
<p>The idea of buying offsets draws criticism from environmentalists who see it as a way to throw money at a problem that really requires a change in behavior. Kevin Anderson, a climate change researcher, has <a href="https://www.nature.com/news/the-inconvenient-truth-of-carbon-offsets-1.10373" target="_blank">written</a> that "offsetting is worse than doing nothing" because it allows people and companies to continue emitting greenhouse gasses without feeling the need to change their behavior, as <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/jetblue-to-power-some-flights-with-sustainable-jet-fuel-and-offset-emissions-from-domestic-flights/" target="_blank">CBS News</a> reported.</p>
<p>However, others praise the company for acknowledging the detrimental impact of its carbon footprint, looking to address it, and to support sustainable fuels. Mark Jaccard, a longtime climate policy researcher and author of <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/citizens-guide-to-climate-success/49D99FBCBD6FCACD5F3D58A7ED80882D" target="_blank">The Citizen's Guide to Climate Success</a> told <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/jetblue-to-power-some-flights-with-sustainable-jet-fuel-and-offset-emissions-from-domestic-flights/" target="_blank">CBS News</a>, "We need more airlines talking like this, and that is really nice."</p>
<p>JetBlue is working with consultants at EcoAct and South Pole, as well as Carbonfund.org, a nonprofit organization that's funded carbon-reduction and tree-planting projects across more than 40 states and 20 countries to help direct its offsets, as <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-01-06/jetblue-takes-steps-to-become-first-carbon-neutral-u-s-airline" target="_blank">Bloomberg News</a> reported.</p><p>"We have put an incredible amount of rigor behind making sure these are real, they're legitimate, they're auditable, they're traceable," Mendelsohn said, as <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-01-06/jetblue-takes-steps-to-become-first-carbon-neutral-u-s-airline" target="_blank">Bloomberg News</a> reported. "We selected a carbon offset partner with a long-term reputation that's survived the squalls of carbon offsetting ups and downs."</p>
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