Electronic waste to be dismantled as recyclable waste at the Electronic Recyclers International plant in Holliston, Massachusetts. Zoran Milich / Contributor / Moment Mobile / Getty Images
By Doug Johnson
Laptops, phones and tablets come out in new, flashier upgrades each year, and consumers lap them up, eager to own the latest desirable models with the most cutting-edge features. But with every upgrade, older models mount up in landfills around the world.
<p>In 2019, we generated a record 53.6 million metric tons of <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/can-the-pandemic-help-us-to-embrace-refurbished-electronics/a-53741181" target="_blank">e-waste</a>, according to the <a href="http://ewastemonitor.info/" target="_blank">Global E-waste Monitor</a> put out by United Nations University's (UNU) — a UN research and academic institution — among other organizations. It predicts that this amount will reach 74 million tons by the end of the decade.</p><p>Apart from the sheer volume of waste piling up on trash heaps, electronics often contain toxic chemicals such as mercury and chlorofluorocarbons that can leach into the surrounding environment.</p><p>Despite growing awareness of the problem, little of this waste is being <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/china-cleans-up-electronic-recycling/a-42570581" target="_blank">recycled</a>.</p>
<iframe src="https://www.rebelmouse.com/res/scraper/embed?type=mp4&adapt_to_iframe=1&url=https%3A//tvdownloaddw-a.akamaihd.net/dwtv_video/flv/afw/afw20201127_01CheckWaste_sd_avc.mp4&thumb=https%3A//static.dw.com/image/55734519_6.jpeg" id="e56a3" frameborder="0" class="rm-shortcode" data-rm-shortcode-id="5bf3b6589c799020b4fff5fba9906a38" expand="1" height="480" site_id="15697492" width="100%"></iframe>
<p>"While consumers will often say 'Yes, of course I am in favor of recycling, and yes, I recycle,' when you actually look at behaviors, it doesn't match up with the percentages who say they would do it," said Laura Kelly, director of the Shaping Sustainable Markets group at the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), a London-based independent research organization.</p><p>Which is why some experts are calling for a <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/dematerialization-is-it-time-to-rent-not-buy-electronics/a-55948968" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">radical overhaul</a> of electronics manufacturers' business model.</p><p>"Innovation is very much needed in order to reuse as much as possible," said Ruediger Kuehr, director of the Sustainable Cycles Program at UNU and one of the Global E-waste Monitor's authors.</p><p>Kuehr believes we need to "dematerialize" the electronics sectors – instead of buying and owning the latest tech we should lease the devices we use, with manufacturers shifting their model to providing a service instead of material goods.</p>
<h2>Shifting Responsibility From Consumers to Manufacturers</h2><p>With manufacturers maintaining ownership of their products, the burden of recycling would shift from consumers — who often don't know how best to dispose of old devices — to companies who would reuse materials and parts for new products.</p><p>In 2019, only 17.4% of e-waste — 9.3 million tons — was formally collected and recycled, according to the latest <a href="http://ewastemonitor.info/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">E-waste Monitor</a>. This largely ends up with recycling facilities that operate independently of manufacturers. And because e-waste isn't their problem, the manufacturers themselves have little incentive to design products with easy disassembly and recovery of reusable materials in mind.</p><p>The new devices with space-age-smooth casings are often virtually impossible to take apart, meaning even the precious materials they contain will end up in landfills. And for manufacturers, the faster we discard and replace them, the bigger their profits.</p><p>Yet for certain products, leasing models are already proving to make good business sense. Japanese electronics company Canon, has a scheme to lease large office printers in Europe, which Kuehr cited as an example of dematerialization. Hewlett-Packard and Xerox offer similar initiatives.</p><p>When a lease ends, Canon takes back the used printer, refurbishes it for the next customer or, if it is no longer in working order, ships it to its facility in Giessen, Germany, where it is broken down to the chassis. Parts are then reused in repairing other machines. This allows the company to recover 80% of the materials by weight, according to Canon sustainability manager Andy Tomkins.</p>
<h2>Numbers Game</h2><p>Tompkins said Canon wasn't only motivated by environmental concerns. Considering the size of the machines — and the volume of materials involved — it "makes economic sense to do this as well," he said. There are also relatively few of these printers out in circulation, making it easier for them to be recalled than, say, cellphones.</p><p>But Tompkins believes subscription models could work for smaller, more numerous devices, if consumers were ready for it. Unlike with office machines, many private customers still want to own a product. Moreover, they want to own one that is new.</p><p>It would also require manufacturers to redesign their product lines — in the same way that Canon's made-for-lease printers are made to be taken apart with maximum recovery of materials in mind — and build facilities to undertake this work.</p><p>Even then, there is a limit to the volume of materials that can be recycled. Blair Fix, a political economist and author of the book Rethinking Economic Growth Theory From a Biophysical Perspective, points out that everything degrades and nothing is perfectly recyclable. "We're always going to need materials," he said. And right now, it is often far cheaper to produce new materials — like plastics from oil — than recycle used ones.</p>
<h2>Incentives for Change</h2><p>Kelly at the IIED noted that, in many cases, corporations do adopt environmentally progressive policies on their own. One reason is that sustainability commitments can enhance their brand. But non-renewable resources are also declining.</p><p>The E-Waste Monitor estimates the value of the raw materials thrown out in old electronics in 2019 at $57 billion (€47 billion). Of this, only $10 billion worth of raw material was recovered "in an environmentally sound way." Some of this value is in rare elements such as gold and those — like cobalt — that are becoming ever scarcer because they are essential to electronics.</p><p>Forward-thinking companies that start rolling out circular strategies now could have a head start if the economics shifts in favor of recycling, Kelly says.</p><p>There is little sign of companies doing so yet, though, and Fix says dematerialization electronics might require government intervention. Regulations could oblige manufacturers to take on the costs of disposing of their products, while public money could subsidize some of manufacturers' costs for setting up their own disassembly and recycling plants.</p><p>"If producers would market it this way, it could really make a difference," Kuehr said.</p>
<p>
<em>Reposted with permission from <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/dematerialization-is-it-time-to-rent-not-buy-electronics/a-55948968" target="_blank">DW</a>.</em>
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The EU wants to make it easier to repair a broken phone display. baranozdemir / iStock /Getty Images Plus
All those phones, computers and tablets we rely on are dependent on mined resources. Extracting and processing those resources accounts for nearly half of our greenhouse gas emissions, which is why the European Commission's Circular Economy Action Plan calls for "initiatives for the entire life cycle of products, from design and manufacturing to consumption, repair, reuse, recycling, and bringing resources back into the economy."
<p>Essentially, the European Union wants to get rid of planned obsolescence, where manufacturers design a product with a short lifespan so consumers have to buy a new one, which leads to throwaway culture. To that end, the European Commission announced Wednesday that it will introduce laws to halve the amount of waste the EU produces by 2030. Right now, less than 40 percent of electronic waste in the EU is recycled.</p><p>The new laws will ensure that new products brought to the EU market are repairable, recyclable and designed to last longer than our current phones and tablets, according to <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-economy-circular/eu-to-introduce-waste-reduction-targets-new-sustainable-products-law-idUSKBN20Y1DV?ct=t(RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN)" target="_blank">Reuters</a>.</p>
<p>"The goal, in the end, is decoupling resource extraction from our economic growth," Environment, Oceans and Fisheries Commissioner Virginijus Sinkevicius told reporters in Brussels, as <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/eu-commission-aims-to-clamp-down-on-waste-with-new-law/a-52720804" target="_blank">Deutsche Welle</a> reported. He added, "The linear growth model of take, make, use and discard has reached its limits."</p><p>The sweeping legislation will apply to a wide range of products, including mobile phones, textiles, electronics, batteries, construction and packaging, according to the <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-51825089" target="_blank">BBC</a>. The legislation that will make it easier to repair a broken phone display or to replace the battery is spurred by the Right to Repair movement.</p><p>It also updates current efficiency standards to apply to a broader selection of everyday items. The efficiency laws are outdated since they only apply to computers, televisions, dishwashers and washing machines, according to <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/11/eu-brings-in-right-to-repair-rules-for-phones-and-tablets" target="_blank">The Guardian</a>.</p>
<p>Sinkevicius added that the electronic devices sector has "a massive impact" and "is constantly growing," as <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-economy-circular/eu-to-introduce-waste-reduction-targets-new-sustainable-products-law-idUSKBN20Y1DV?ct=t(RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN)" target="_blank">Reuters</a> reported. The European Union will not meet its target of zero-emissions by 2050 if it does not address the impact that mobile technology is having on the environment.</p><p>In addition to addressing the throwaway culture and planned obsolescence of mobile devices, batteries and other items, the European Commission wants to change the culture around textiles, which are also resource-intensive and seldom mended or recycled. In fact, only 1 percent of textiles are recycled, as <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-economy-circular/eu-to-introduce-waste-reduction-targets-new-sustainable-products-law-idUSKBN20Y1DV?ct=t(RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN)" target="_blank">Reuters</a> reported.</p>
<p>"Textile is the new plastics," Sinkevicius said, as <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/eu-commission-aims-to-clamp-down-on-waste-with-new-law/a-52720804" target="_blank">Deutsche Welle</a> reported. The proposed law, which needs the approval of 27-member nations, restricts intentionally added <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/tag/microplastics">microplastics</a> from textiles and requires measures to make recycled content and waste reduction mandatory, according to <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-economy-circular/eu-to-introduce-waste-reduction-targets-new-sustainable-products-law-idUSKBN20Y1DV?ct=t(RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN)" target="_blank">Reuters</a>.</p><p>One environmental advocacy group dubbed it the most ambitious and comprehensive proposal ever put forward to reduce the environmental and climate impact of the things we use and wear, according to the <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-51825089" target="_blank">BBC</a>.</p><p>The European Environment Bureau, an environmental group, told the <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-51825089" target="_blank">BBC</a>: "The strategy is a once-in-a-generation opportunity to transform the way we manufacture, use and dispose of our products in a way that benefits people and the planet."</p><p>Yet, some other environmental advocates felt that the plan does not go far enough.</p>"It is absurd, given that the EU consumes nearly three planets' worth of resources, that reducing absolute consumption is not at the core of the plan," said Meadhbh Bolger, resource justice campaigner at Friends of the Earth Europe, as <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/11/eu-brings-in-right-to-repair-rules-for-phones-and-tablets" target="_blank">The Guardian</a> reported. "The Von der Leyen commission's plan for a circular economy is out of touch with the reality and urgency of the planetary emergency."
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boonchai wedmakawand / Moment / Getty Images
Delta-8 THC is a cannabis product that has become a bestseller over the past few months, as many consumers find they can legally purchase it from CBD retailers. Its proponents say that Delta-8 THC will give you a nice little buzz, minus some of the more intense feelings (including paranoia) that are sometimes associated with marijuana.
Delta-8 THC is being marketed as a legal option for consumers who either don't live in a state with legal cannabis, or are a little apprehensive about how traditional psychoactive THC products will affect them. But is it all it's cracked up to be? Let's take a closer look, exploring what Delta-8 THC is, how it differs from other THC products, and whether it's actually legal for use.
<h2>What is Delta-8 THC?</h2><p>To better understand <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/27/health/marijuana-hemp-delta-8-thc.html" target="_blank">Delta-8 THC</a>, it helps to cover some basics about THC and cannabis.</p><p>Cannabis plants come chock full of different <a href="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/cannabis-marijuana-and-cannabinoids-what-you-need-to-know" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><em>cannabinoids</em></a>. These are naturally-occuring chemical compounds that bind with receptors throughout your body. They can offer a wide range of mental, emotional, and physical effects; indeed, the healing and therapeutic properties marijuana or <a data-linked-post="2648563694" href="https://www.ecowatch.com/strongest-cbd-oil-2648563694.html" target="_blank">CBD products</a> offer can be attributed to cannabinoids.</p><p>One of the most common cannabinoids is what's known as Delta-9 THC. Simply put, this is the part of marijuana that gets you "high." It's worth noting that Delta-9 THC remains illegal in many states, except for in the most minute doses, and is still illegal at the federal level. CBD products are made with trace amounts of THC, ensuring that consumers can enjoy positive health effects in a perfectly legal way, without the risk of getting high.</p><p>On a chemical level, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/27/health/marijuana-hemp-delta-8-thc.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Delta-8 THC</a> is not too different from Delta-9 THC; the distinction comes down to just a few molecules. But those molecules make a big practical impact: Delta-8 THC will give you a buzz, but the psychoactive effects are considerably milder than with Delta-9 THC.</p><p>More specifically, many cannabis enthusiasts report that Delta-8 THC helps them feel good but also leaves them relatively clear-headed; and, it doesn't produce the anxiety or jitteriness that often characterize a Delta-9 THC high.</p><p>Additionally, because of the way the law is written regarding Delta-9 THC, some CBD companies now sell Delta-8 THC products in places where traditional cannabis is still illegal.</p><h2>What's the Difference Between Delta-9 THC and Delta-8 THC?</h2><p>Here are the primary differences to note between Delta-9 and Delta-8 THC:</p><ul class="ee-ul"><li>Delta-9 THC is the primary psychoactive ingredient found in marijuana. In other words, it's the part that gets you high.</li><li>Though some states have found workarounds, Delta-9 THC is still illegal under federal law.</li><li>Delta-8 THC is also found in the cannabis plant, though it's not quite as powerful or as well-known. </li><li>Delta-8 THC is milder in its psychoactive effects. And, it's not <em>technically </em>illegal under current law.</li></ul><p>These are just a few of the key distinctions to keep in mind. Delta-8 THC is popular among consumers who want a smoother high, and don't want to violate federal law.</p><h2>Is Delta-8 THC Legal?</h2><p>We noted that Delta-8 THC is not <em>technically </em>illegal. Here, we need to get into some of the nuanced legal considerations that surround this substance.</p><p>First of all, there are plenty of cannabis companies that actively promote Delta-8 THC as a legal way to get high. Again, that's technically true, but is still a point of debate for some.</p><p>For one thing, it's not explicitly listed as an illegal substance. While federal laws, and some state laws, specifically ban Delta-9 THC, Delta-8 THC is never mentioned. More to the point, though, many proponents will cite the<a href="https://www.usda.gov/farmbill" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"> 2018 Farm Bill</a>. This law legalized several industrial hemp products on a national level, including CBD.</p><p>The Farm Bill also includes some fairly nuanced positions regarding THC. In summary, the law says that hemp and cannabis-derived products are legal so long as they contain less than 0.3 percent Delta-9 THC.</p><p>With that said, some lawyers contend that Delta-8's heyday may soon come to an end. That's because the Farm Bill clears it only so long as it's derived directly from hemp; most of the Delta-8 THC products sold today aren't made from hemp, but rather from synthetically-altered CBD.</p><p>Some of these issues are a little fuzzy, and <a href="https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/delta-8-thc-legal-weed-explained-1113859/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">the legal future of Delta-8 THC</a> remains a little uncertain. For now, though, many experts would argue that it is legal to purchase.</p><h2>What Kinds of Delta-8 THC Products Are Available?</h2><p><em>Each product featured here has been independently selected by the writer. If you make a purchase using the links included, we may earn commission.</em></p><p>If you're looking to try Delta-8 THC products, you'll certainly find plenty of different products. Dispensaries and legal cannabis stores currently have a trove of products that use this cannabinoid. Some examples include:</p><ul class="ee-ul"><li>Vape cartridges, tinctures, and capsules.</li><li>Beverages made with Delta-8 THC, including some seltzers.</li><li>Edibles, including Delta-8 THC gummy bears, chocolate bars, and more.</li></ul><p>The cannabis industry has really been running with Delta-8 THC, finding creative ways to bring it to market. And chances are, even more products will be springing up in the weeks and months to come. </p><p>It's very important to note that you should only purchase Delta-8 THC products from reputable brands and established cannabis retailers. We do not recommend purchasing any products that contain Delta-8 THC from gas stations or vape shops. If you are looking for a reputable place to explore these products, here are a few brands that we trust and recommend:</p>
<h2>What are the Pros and Cons of Delta-8 THC?</h2><p>As you consider whether Delta-8 THC is worth your time, it may be helpful to weigh the pros against the cons.</p><p><strong>Pros</strong></p><p>Let's start with some of the positives:</p><ul class="ee-ul"><li>Delta-8 THC does have psychoactive effects, but it's a milder effect than with traditional Delta-9 THC.</li><li>Delta-8 THC is currently legal and widely accessible in multiple states.</li><li>There are a wide number of products that use Delta-8 THC.</li></ul><p><strong>Cons</strong></p><p>Now, a few of the downsides.</p><ul class="ee-ul"><li>Delta-8 THC isn't quite as commonplace as other cannabis products, including CBD, and some of the options on the market are expensive.</li><li>While this substance is technically legal, there are plenty of uncertainties over its legal future. It's something you want to keep in mind.</li><li>As a relatively new product, Delta-8 THC products are not regulated by the FDA and there is not independent testing in place to verify that it is safe or pure.</li></ul><p>As with any cannabis product, Delta-8 THC has its pros and cons. As you seek the cannabis product that's best for you, it's largely a matter of personal preference.</p><p>Also note that smoking, vaping, or otherwise imbibing any kind of cannabis-related product can carry some medical risks and negative health consequences. If you have any specific concerns, we recommend consulting with your doctor before you try any Delta-8 THC product.</p><p><em><strong>Josh Hurst </strong></em><em>is a journalist, critic, and essayist. He lives in Knoxville, TN, with his wife and three sons. He covers natural health, nutrition, supplements, and clean energy. His writing has appeared in Health, Shape, and Remedy Review.</em></p>
NuLeaf Naturals Full Spectrum Delta 8 THC Oil
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<p><a href="https://nuleafnaturals.com/product/full-spectrum-delta-8-thc-oil-30mg-ml/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">NuLeaf Naturals Full Spectrum Delta 8 THC Oil</a> is made from organic hemp and organic virgin hemp seed extract. It's available in a 150 mg bottle and a 450 mg bottle, which both provide 15 mg of Delta 8 THC per serving. This formula is also available in a soft gel.</p>
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Botany Farms Delta-10 THC Vape Cartridge
<img class="rm-lazyloadable-image rm-shortcode" type="lazy-image" data-runner-src="https://assets.rebelmouse.io/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpbWFnZSI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXNzZXRzLnJibC5tcy8yNjAzNjE2Ni9vcmlnaW4uanBnIiwiZXhwaXJlc19hdCI6MTY2OTcwNTgzM30.opm4l5-rSqV1HfvrbVE16EEVZvqxI42xgqnsQfL9p2M/img.jpg?width=980" id="2c749" width="400" height="400" data-rm-shortcode-id="a678e76d8cd5e13bae95d9c3ae664b85" data-rm-shortcode-name="rebelmouse-image" />botanyfarms.com
<p>The <a href="https://www.botanyfarms.com/product/delta-10-thc-vape-cartridge/?aff=14" target="_blank">Botany Farms Delta-10 THC Vape Cartridge</a> actually contains both Delta-10 and Delta-8 THC.This is designed to provide the desired effects of Delta-8 THC but without the drowsiness. They also offer a vape cartridge with a 1:1 concentration of <a href="https://www.botanyfarms.com/product/delta-10-delta-8-thc-vape-cartridge/?aff=14" target="_blank">Delta-8 THC</a> and Delta-10 THC. Note that while vape products can be used to aid in smoking cessation, we do not recommend vaping or smoking because of the negative health effects they can cause.</p>
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Europe ranks second only behind Asia in terms of e-waste, according to the Platform for Accelerating the Circular Economy. Ladislav Kubeš / iStock / Getty Images Plus
By Tim Schauenberg
Technician Christopher Olk concentrates hard as he removes the broken drive from a DVD player and pushes it back in again.
"If it's the mechanics or the electronics, I can fix it," explains the 26-year-old, who is working on his Ph.D. in battery technology at Aachen University. "If the chip or the cooling system is affected then I can't do anything, because I'm missing the equipment and spare parts."
<p>In a small room inside a repair cafe in Cologne's civic center, Olk is one of four technicians who, with the help of some spanners and a soldering iron, try to breathe new life into faulty electronic devices, whether it's a razor, a toaster, a screen or a lamp.</p><p>Europe is full of broken-down equipment. With more than 12 million tons per year — the equivalent of 30,000 jumbo jets — Europe ranks <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/electronic-waste-reaches-record-high-of-45-million-tons/a-41784177" target="_blank">second only behind Asia</a> in terms of e-waste, <a href="http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_A_New_Circular_Vision_for_Electronics.pdf" target="_blank">according to the Platform for Accelerating the Circular Economy (PACE).</a></p>
<img
class="rm-lazyloadable-image rm-shortcode" lazy-loadable="true"
data-runner-src="https://assets.rebelmouse.io/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpbWFnZSI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXNzZXRzLnJibC5tcy8yMjA2NzI2Ni9vcmlnaW4ucG5nIiwiZXhwaXJlc19hdCI6MTY0NjU5ODE5NX0.Smi39oooos3JO0j9sEHktsETeoK4uy6x4P1drWLYLBU/img.png?width=980"
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<h2>Manufacturers to Make Changes</h2><p>"We want to avoid electronic waste and try to motivate people to act in an environmentally conscious way," says Dunja Karabaic, one of the repair cafe's founders.</p><p>The European Commission now wants to implement a new ecodesign directive at the EU level to help ensure home appliances have a longer functional lifespan — and it's banking on regulation.</p>
<img
class="rm-lazyloadable-image rm-shortcode" lazy-loadable="true"
data-runner-src="https://assets.rebelmouse.io/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpbWFnZSI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXNzZXRzLnJibC5tcy8yMjA2NzI2OC9vcmlnaW4uanBnIiwiZXhwaXJlc19hdCI6MTY2MjE4ODg4NH0.AZ-d3ZwDE7XPEnACJ8PLmw9n3YVbnXbY2bPjlGhtRfo/img.jpg?width=980"
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At the repair cafe in Cologne, Christopher Olk is trying to get this faulty DVD player up and running again.
<p>As of 2021, manufacturers across Europe will be required to improve both the reparability and service life of devices such as washing machines, refrigerators, dishwashers, electric motors, light sources and LED screens. Manufacturers must also be more precise when it comes to including energy consumption information on the labels of their products and providing replacement parts for at least 10 years after purchase.</p><p>Laptops and smartphones, however, are not covered under the new rules — more on that later.</p>
<h2>Ecological Potential and the Right to Repair</h2><p>The European Commission estimates that up to 167 terawatt hours of energy could be saved annually by 2030 — approximately the same annual energy consumption as Denmark, which has a population of 5.8 million. This could be achieved, on the one hand, through more energy efficient devices, and, on the other, as a result of fewer devices needing to be re-produced if they last longer in the first place.</p><p>When it comes to electricity and acquisition prices, the European Commission projects that EU citizens would save around €150 ($167) per year in the future.</p>
<img
class="rm-lazyloadable-image rm-shortcode" lazy-loadable="true"
data-runner-src="https://assets.rebelmouse.io/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpbWFnZSI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXNzZXRzLnJibC5tcy8yMjA2NzI3Mi9vcmlnaW4uanBnIiwiZXhwaXJlc19hdCI6MTY2NTI5MjIwOH0.ULPTAr4wvcBDXLqevOACQxIzloU-3mL1jN4a0g42GGo/img.jpg?width=980"
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Old televisions are much easier to repair compared to modern LED screens.
<p>"Whether it is by fostering reparability or improving water consumption, intelligent ecodesign makes us use our resources more efficiently, bringing clear economic and environmental benefits," the European Commission Vice President for Jobs, Growth, Investment and Competitiveness, Jyrki Katainen, said in an official statement.</p><p>Environmental organizations have also welcomed the new regulations.</p><p>"From the U.S. to Europe, people are demanding their right to repair things they own because they're tired of products that are designed to break prematurely," said Chloe Fayole, the program and strategy director at the environmental organization ECOS. "Enabling consumers to repair and reuse all electronic products is just common sense."</p>
<h2>How Long Should Devices Last?</h2><p>Exactly how much longer electronic devices should last in the future is still unclear, as is a more detailed benefit analysis of the plan. But if the devices are easier to repair, "the turnover of product inventories will automatically decrease," Pierre Schweitzer, an expert on ecodesign at the European Environment Bureau (EEB) told DW. "That means that less electronic waste will be produced. But no one has tested the model yet, as to whether this will happen in practice."</p><p>The EEB has therefore submitted a report looking at the effects of measures which prolong the life of electronic devices. The calculations show that if washing machines in Europe were to function for just one extra year, it would have the same positive effect on the environment as if 133,000 cars were taken off the road.</p><p>On average, a washing machine currently lasts around 11 years. But according to the experts, it would have to be used for at least 20 years before the purchase of a new washing machine is advisable from an environmental point of view.</p><p>"That's how long it takes resources to use an old device — and to repair it," explains Rasmus Priess, a product <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/tag/sustainability">sustainability</a> expert from the Öko-Institut in Freiburg.</p>
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<p>But not all electronic devices are created equal. If the energy footprint required to manufacture and then run a device is taken into account, a laptop should be used for 44 years, and a smartphone for up to 232 years. As mentioned earlier, these devices – along with small appliances like razors, blenders and toasters – won't be included in the new EU rules. The plan is to incorporate them at a later stage.</p><p>The DVD player, which Christopher Olk is busy fixing in the repair café in Cologne, hasn't made it onto the European Commission's list yet either.</p>
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Brussels will soon be discussing whether to include longer-lasting smartphones and laptops in the new regulations.
<h2>Gaps in the Rules</h2><p>It took Olk 30 minutes to remove the device's case and take a look inside. After some tinkering, he still only managed open it by force. "See that old radio over there," he said, pointing to an antique mustard yellow transistor radio that has probably been around for several decades, "Underneath is a guide on how to open it and remove some of the parts. Something like that alone would help."</p><p>The German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Technology (BMWI) has also been negotiating in Brussels. In a statement provided to DW, it says it is committed to ensuring that customers can make simple repairs themselves, while more difficult or dangerous repairs should be done by a specialist.</p><p>The cost of replacement parts may also limit the overall success of the new regulations: The scheme doesn't include a price break for spare parts.</p><p>Jean-Pierre Schweitzer from the EEB believes this has increased the risk of "an economic incentive to make spare parts either very expensive, or to manufacture products that break down regularly."</p>
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The more complicated the technology, the harder it is to identify which parts are broken.
<p>An analysis by the Joint Research Center of the European Commission found that the main reason people didn't have a washing machine or dishwasher repaired was because "it was too expensive."</p><p>Paolo Falcioni, the Director General of APPLiA, an association representing home appliance manufacturers in Europe, has nevertheless praised the regulations as "a balanced representation of interests." But he also sees some disadvantages. On the one hand, APPLiA fears that the regulations would mean fewer devices would be approved for the European market. On the other hand, it also wants to avoid any unfair competition.</p><h2>'Repairing Is More Important Than Recycling'</h2><p>But although there is still room for improvement, Jean Pierre Schweizer from EEB says the new legislation is "groundbreaking" because it acknowledges the importance of using devices as long as possible.</p><p>"When we talk about a circular economy, repairing is a very efficient point at which you can save real resources and emissions — and that's just the start. We really should highlight the positive aspects of this legislation."</p>
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Not all electronic devices can be repaired using normal, everyday tools.
<p>Back at the repair cafe, Christopher Olk has given up. The DVD player is beyond saving. This isn't an unusual outcome here.</p><p>Braco Sladakovic, who brought in his defective LED TV, has also admitted defeat. The backlight no longer works.</p><p>"We tried, but it was too complicated," he told DW. "It's not worth it anymore, unfortunately." The spare part needed is cheap enough to replace, but the repair itself would be too difficult and expensive.</p><p>Sladakovic now needs to decide what to do with his broken TV. He might be able to sell if to a hobbyist for a few euros. Or he'll simply take it to the nearest electronic waste dump.</p>
<p><em>Reposted with permission from <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/the-eu-declares-war-on-e-waste/a-51108790?maca=en-VAM_volltext_ecowatch-28485-html-copypaste" target="_blank">DW</a>.</em></p>From Your Site Articles
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The workplace of the inventor's technique. The hands of the worker are bound by a chain as a symbol of the prohibition on repair. Andrey Bukreev / iStock / Getty Images Plus
When our smartphones, televisions or other gadgets stop working, it seems like the only choice we have is to get rid of it. This never-ending stream of electronic waste has created mountains of toxic trash that's hazardous to people and the planet.
That's why consumers and lawmakers in the U.S. and Europe are fighting back under the burgeoning "Right to Repair" movement that demands manufacturers make products that last longer and are easier to fix, BBC News reported.
<p>
At least 18 U.S. states are considering repair legislation and a similar proposal arose in <a href="https://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/durable-products.47bf" target="_blank">European Parliament</a>. States that have introduced "Right to Repair" bills include California, Washington, Massachusetts, Vermont, New York, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oklahoma, Tennessee and Virginia.
</p><p>
This change can't come soon enough. E-waste is the fastest-growing waste stream in the world. In 2016, some 44.7 million metric tonnes of e-waste were generated globally, according to the <a href="http://ewastemonitor.info/" target="_blank">Global E-waste Monitor 2017</a> (pdf). As more and more products come along, experts forecast an increase of e-junk to 52.2 million metric tonnes by 2021.
</p><p>
<span></span>In March, California Assembly member Susan Talamantes Eggman introduced the "<a href="https://a13.asmdc.org/press-releases/20180307-eggman-introduces-legislation-create-right-repair-electronics" target="_blank">California Right to Repair Act</a>" that would require manufacturers to release diagnostic and repair instructions, and make equipment or service parts available to product owners and to independent repair shops.
</p><p>
The bill was introduced just a handful of months after <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/tag/apple" target="_self">Apple</a> was accused of <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/apple-iphones-slow-down-2519096622.html" target="_self">slowing down older iPhones</a>—a move that led some users to spend hundreds of dollars on new phones rather than simply replace the battery. That's not to mention that Apple makes their phones very difficult to crack open, making it hard to DIY a fix. (Apple apologized and offered a discount for battery replacement.)
</p><p class="shortcode-media shortcode-media-twitter_embed">
</p><div id="f7ebd" class="rm-shortcode" data-rm-shortcode-id="47JUFP1576683773"><blockquote class="twitter-tweet twitter-custom-tweet" data-twitter-tweet-id="944187077813506048" data-partner="rebelmouse"><div style="margin:1em 0">Why Apple Deliberately Slowing Down iPhones Is Harming the Environment https://t.co/19KHx602UV @BusinessGreen @Ethical_Corp</div> — EcoWatch (@EcoWatch)<a href="https://twitter.com/EcoWatch/statuses/944187077813506048">1513946716.0</a></blockquote></div>
<p></p><p>
"We should be working to reduce needless waste—repairing things that still have life—but companies use their power to make things harder to repair. Repair should be the easier, more affordable choice and it can be, but first we need to fix our laws," said Emily Rusch, executive director of CALPIRG, in a <a href="https://a13.asmdc.org/press-releases/20180307-eggman-introduces-legislation-create-right-repair-electronics" target="_blank">press release</a> in support of the California bill. "Our recent survey, Recharge Repair, showed a surge in interest in additional repair options after Apple announced battery issues. The Right to Repair Act would give people those options."
</p><p>
Environmentalists say "Right to Repair" legislation will save resources and reduce carbon emissions from the manufacturing of new products. The <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/05/technology/apple-iphone-replacement-mom.html" target="_blank">New York Times</a> pointed out that in Apple's <a href="https://www.apple.com/environment/pdf/Apple_Environmental_Responsibility_Report_2018.pdf" target="_blank" title="">latest sustainability report</a> (pdf), each new Apple device produced emits an average of 90 kilograms of CO2.
</p><p>
<span></span>Libby Peake from the UK-based think tank <a href="https://www.green-alliance.org.uk/" target="_blank">Green Alliance</a> told BBC News "that at last politicians are waking up to an issue that the public have recognized as a problem for a long time."
</p><p>
<span></span>Right to Repair laws make a lot of sense for our wallets and the environment, but manufacturers are opposed to the legislation.
</p><p>
Tech giants, including Apple and Microsoft, do not like users fixing their own devices because it could be a security risk to the user, according to the <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/8/17097256/california-right-to-repair-bill-apple-microsoft-service-replace-parts" target="_blank">Verge</a>. It's also very likely that these companies want us to keep buying more stuff.
</p>
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A foldable, biodegradable battery based on paper and bacteria. Seokheun Choi / Binghamton University, CC BY-ND
By Seokheun Choi
It seems like every few months there's a new cellphone, laptop or tablet that is so exciting people line up around the block to get their hands on it. While the perpetual introduction of new, slightly more advanced electronics has made businesses like Apple hugely successful, the short shelf life of these electronics is bad for the environment.
<p>
Modern electronics are filled with circuit boards on which <a href="http://www.appropedia.org/Metal_reclamation_and_recycling_of_electronic_waste" target="_blank">various metals and plastics are soldered</a> together. Some of these <a href="http://www.appropedia.org/Metal_reclamation_and_recycling_of_electronic_waste" target="_blank">materials are toxic</a>—or <a href="https://symbiosisonlinepublishing.com/biotechnology/biotechnology03.pdf" target="_blank">break down into toxic substances</a>. There are efforts underway to <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2014.10.001" target="_blank">boost recycling of e-waste</a>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2015.02.010" target="_blank">recovering materials that can be reused</a> and properly disposing of the rest. But <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2016/6/22/11991440/eri-e-waste-electronics-recycling-nyc-gadget-trash" target="_blank">most devices</a> end up added to the <a href="https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/z4gv73/americas-television-graveyards" target="_blank">growing piles</a> of <a href="https://www.epa.gov/international-cooperation/cleaning-electronic-waste-e-waste" target="_blank">e-waste in landfills</a>.
</p><p>Instead of adding more trash to these ever-growing piles, there is an opportunity to create electronics that are biodegradable. That's why <a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2H01tqsAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao" target="_blank">other researchers and I</a> are looking to the emerging field of paper-based electronics—known as "<a href="http://nsf-papertronics.rutgers.edu/" target="_blank">papertronics</a>." They're flexible—even foldable—<a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/tag/sustainability">sustainable</a>, friendly to the environment and low-cost.<br></p><p>
But to be truly eco-friendly, papertronics can't use traditional <a href="http://www.ecowatch.com/tag/battery-storage/">batteries</a>, which are made of metals and caustic acids, to store and discharge electricity. Recently, my chemist colleague <a href="https://www.binghamton.edu/chemistry/people/sadik/sadik.html" target="_blank">Omowunmi Sadik</a> and I developed a <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.201800041" target="_blank">paper battery that's recyclable and biodegradable</a>, as well as reliable enough to actually use. The key is bacteria.
</p><p><strong>Flexible Bio-Batteries</strong></p><p>
I've developed flexible batteries, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.201700127" target="_blank">batteries powered by saliva</a> and more. I figured that when seeking to power paper-based electronics, it made sense to try to make a battery out of paper. Fortunately, paper is a good potential battery material: It's flexible, a good insulator—which makes it a good platform for mounting electronic components on—and absorbs and releases fluids easily. We added polymers—<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.201800041" target="_blank">poly (amic) acid and poly (pyromellitic dianhydride-p-phenylenediamine)</a>—to improve those electrical characteristics.
</p><p>
Then, to store energy in the battery, in place of the metals and acids that react chemically to generate electrons, we added bacteria. When these batteries are eventually commercialized, they'll use bacteria that are safe for humans and the environment and well-contained to reduce any other contamination.
</p><p>
Because the paper is rough and porous, the bacteria stick to it, and generate their own energy by breaking down almost any available organic material, including plant material or wastewater. At the moment, we're prepackaging source material, but it could also come from the environment. This chemical reaction produces electrons. Normally in a bacterial reaction, those electrons would bond with oxygen, but we've built our battery to limit oxygen and substitute an electrode, meaning we can capture the electron flow and use it to power devices.
</p><p>
We were concerned that oxygen could get into the paper and interrupt the electron flow between the bacteria, decreasing the battery's efficiency. We found that while that does happen, it has minimal effects. That's because so many bacterial cells are so tightly attached to the paper fibers; they form a multi-layer biofilm that shields the chemical reaction from most oxygen.
</p><p>
We also wanted a battery that could biodegrade. The bacteria in the battery itself, once they're done releasing energy, can break down the paper and polymers into harmless components. In water, our battery easily biodegraded, without any special equipment or other microorganisms to aid in the breakdown.
</p><p>
The polymer-paper structures are lightweight, low-cost and flexible. That flexibility also allows for the batteries to fold like a normal piece of paper, or be stacked on top of each other. That lets more battery power fit into smaller spaces.</p>
<p class="shortcode-media shortcode-media-rebelmouse-image">
<img class="rm-lazyloadable-image rm-shortcode" type="lazy-image" data-runner-src="https://assets.rebelmouse.io/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpbWFnZSI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXNzZXRzLnJibC5tcy8xODY0Njc5OS9vcmlnaW4uanBnIiwiZXhwaXJlc19hdCI6MTYyODI1Mzg5NH0.3JF37xY4ABEAVlCwAoi_F7w9r4KBXzLjSeb-fQVrHH0/img.jpg?width=980" id="dedca" width="754" height="674" data-rm-shortcode-id="decd8de8fe607a64d61482a7abb5b75f" data-rm-shortcode-name="rebelmouse-image">
<small class="image-media media-caption" placeholder="add caption...">A group of folded batteries can power a paper-based electronic device. </small><small class="image-media media-photo-credit" placeholder="add photo credit...">Seokheun Choi / Binghamton University, CC BY-ND</small></p>
<p><strong>Promises and Opportunities</strong><br></p><p>
Papertronics can be particularly useful in remote areas with limited resources because they're powered by bacteria that can inhabit even the most extreme of conditions and break down nearly any material to produce electrons. They don't need a well-established power grid, either. In addition, though paper batteries are designed to be disposable after they're used, their materials are recyclable—and new batteries can be created from recycled paper.
</p><p>
As revolutionary as paper-based bio-batteries are for future electronic devices, they're fairly straightforward to make. The polymers and bacteria can be blended with paper in traditional manufacturing processes, including roll-to-roll printing and <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA04946B" target="_blank">screen printing</a>—or even be painted or poured right onto paper.
</p><p>
Other materials can also be added to the paper batteries—like metals, semiconductors, insulators and nanoparticles. These and other substances can add more properties and capabilities to paper-based devices, opening new doors for the next generation of electronics.</p><p><em>Seokheun Choi is associate professor of electrical and computer engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York.</em></p><p><em>Disclosure statement: Seokheun Choi receives funding from the National Science Foundation and the Office of Naval Research.</em></p><p><em>Reposted with permission from our media associate <a href="https://theconversation.com/paper-based-electronics-could-fold-biodegrade-and-be-the-basis-for-the-next-generation-of-devices-102759" target="_blank">The Conversation</a>.</em></p><script async="async" data-counter="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/102759/count?distributor=republish-lightbox-advanced" id="theconversation_tracker_hook" src="https://theconversation.com/javascripts/lib/content_tracker_hook.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
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Thailand's Wai Mei Dat center filled with imported e-waste. baselactionnetwork / Flickr / CC BY-ND 2.0
Thailand has joined Vietnam and Malaysia in cracking down on the world's trash. Thailand will stop accepting more than 400 types of electronic waste (e-waste), including circuit boards, old TVs and radios, within six months, an environment ministry official told Reuters.
The decision was made Wednesday at a meeting chaired by Surasak Kanchanarat, the environment minister. Imports of plastic waste will also be banned in two years, although specific details of the program are not yet known, Reuters reported.
<p>
Southeast Asian countries have been filling a void left by China, which implemented a strict waste import
<a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/china-plastics-recycling-2515630485.html" target="_blank">policy</a> earlier this year so it could focus on its own <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/tag/pollution" target="_blank">pollution</a> problems. The decision from China—formerly the world's largest importer of waste—left exporting countries <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/plastic-waste-china-recycling-2580042463.html" target="_blank">scrambling for solutions</a> for their trash. In some U.S. cities, the pile-up has even resulted in recyclables being directly sent to landfills.
</p><p>
<span></span>Thailand announced the ban after accepting massive amounts of e-waste from the U.S., the European Union, Hong Kong, Singapore and Japan, according to <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/thailand-moves-to-ban-importing-e-waste-and-plastic/a-45103610" target="_blank">DW</a>. While electronic scraps can contain valuable metals such as gold, silver and copper, they can also contain harmful components such as lead, mercury and cadmium.
</p><p>
Surasak admitted to <a href="http://www.nationmultimedia.com/detail/national/30352239" target="_blank">The Nation</a> that the ban will impact the country's recycling industry and some business operations. However, he noted, "we need to prioritize good environment and health protection for our citizens before industrial development."
</p><p>
"I have no doubt that the recycling of plastic waste and used electronic parts are profitable businesses at the moment," he added. "Some business operators may make a lot of profit from the recycling industry, but what will the country gain from their prosperity when our environment becomes polluted and the people suffer?"
</p><p>
Thailand is one of the <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/these-5-countries-account-for-60-of-plastic-pollution-in-oceans-1882107531.html" target="_blank">world's top five producers</a> of plastic trash, generating two million metric tons of the waste material each year, according to <a href="http://www.nationmultimedia.com/detail/national/30347045" target="_blank">The Nation</a>. </p><p>The country's plastic crisis was underscored this June when a pilot <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/tag/whales" target="_blank">whale</a> washed up dead in southern Thailand after <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/whale-death-plastic-bags-2575100966.html" target="_blank">swallowing 17 pounds</a> of mostly plastic bags.
</p><p>
<span></span>The Thai initiative follows efforts made last month in Vietnam and Malaysia to limit imported trash. Vietnam will no longer issue new licenses for scrap imports, in order to crack down on illegal shipments and increased pollution near processing facilities, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vietnam-waste/vietnam-to-limit-waste-imports-as-shipments-build-up-at-ports-idUSKBN1KG0KL" target="_blank">Reuters</a> reported in July. The same month, the Malaysian government revoked the import permits of 114 factories that process plastic waste.</p>
<p class="shortcode-media shortcode-media-twitter_embed">
</p><div id="c977f" class="rm-shortcode" data-rm-shortcode-id="5ZFVIG1576662715"><blockquote class="twitter-tweet twitter-custom-tweet" data-twitter-tweet-id="836953308111769601" data-partner="rebelmouse"><div style="margin:1em 0">WOW! Here's What 7 Billion Smartphones in 10 Years Looks Like https://t.co/KmRxn9KFgT @greenpeaceusa @Greenpeace @ewg @climatehawk1</div> — EcoWatch (@EcoWatch)<a href="https://twitter.com/EcoWatch/statuses/836953308111769601">1488380193.0</a></blockquote></div>
<p></p>
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By Bob Schildgen
Hey Mr. Green,
Q: I've read that we waste a lot of energy with computers. How much do we waste, and what can be done to make things more efficient?
—Samuel, Denver, CO
A: The EPA has updated computer standards on a regular basis for the past 25 years, and each revision has marked a reduction in power consumption. The increasing use of laptops and other smaller devices, which need a lot less power than desktop models, has helped limit total energy consumption. Nevertheless, the EPA says we still waste at least a billion dollars worth of electrical power a year simply by running less-efficient computer equipment. This waste reaches the equivalent of around 15 billion pounds of annual greenhouse gas emissions, or as much as 1.4 million motor vehicles. But the total waste may be actually much greater.
<p>Simply by activating power management on your computer you can save anywhere from $10 to $100 a year. For instructions on how to do this, visit the EPA's "<a href="https://www.energystar.gov/products/low_carbon_it_campaign/power_management_computer" target="_blank">Activate Power Management on Your Computer" page</a> or ask your service vendor to make sure your machines are configured to take full advantage of these sleep features. Also, deploy "smart" power strips that cut off power when you're not using other devices connected to your network. </p><p style="">Consolidate printers: You can eliminate printers, share work-group printers, and use multi-function devices instead of individual printers, copiers, fax machines and scanners. If you still have non-networked printers or make wide use of stand-alone copiers, fax machines and scanners, printer consolidation could save a bundle: between 30 and 40 percent or more.</p><p style=""><em>Reposted with permission from our media associate <a href="https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/what-can-be-done-make-computers-more-efficient" target="_blank">SIERRA Magazine</a>.</em></p>
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If you ever felt like your iPhone is getting slower over time, Apple has admitted that it deliberately slows down the processing speeds of phones with older batteries to stop them shutting down without warning.
The tech giant is ultimately doing a good thing—even if it's in a sneaky, backhanded way. Smartphone batteries certainly have a limited lifespan.
<p>
As the company <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-42438745" target="_blank">explained</a> Wednesday: "Lithium-ion batteries become less capable of supplying peak current demands when in cold conditions, [when they] have a low battery charge or as they age over time, which can result in the device unexpectedly shutting down to protect its electronic components."
</p><p style="">
But how many of us buy a completely new phone instead of simply replacing the battery? That's not to mention that Apple makes their phones very difficult to open and fix yourself.
</p><p style="">
As you may know, our gadgets have an
<a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/electronic-waste-united-nations-2517390624.html">enormous</a> environmental footprint in the form of <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/tag/electronic-waste">electronic waste</a>, aka e-waste.
</p><p style="">
<a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/smartphones-recycling-waste-2290405011.html" target="_blank">Greenpeace estimates</a> that 7.1 billion smartphones have been manufactured since 2007, or enough for just about every person on the planet.
</p><p>
And yet companies like Apple churn out new devices every year,
<a href="http://blogs.marketwatch.com/thetell/2017/01/31/apple-earnings-expected-to-rebound-thanks-to-iphone-7-live-blog/" target="_blank">selling 78.2 million iPhones in the months </a>following the release of the iPhone 7.
</p><p style="">
Our phones don't even stay with us that long, as the average age of a smartphone traded in between April 2017 and June 2017 was 2.58 years, according to
<a href="http://blog.hylamobile.com/mobile-device-trade-in-data-q2-2017" target="_blank">data collected by HYLA Mobile</a>, a device trade-in company.
</p><p>
You could always recycle your old phones but not many of us do.
<span></span>
</p><p>
"Only 20 percent [of e-waste] is going in the official collection and recycling schemes," Ruediger Kuehr, head of the UN University's Sustainable Cycles Programme, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-gas-italy-tap/austria-gas-blast-exposes-italy-weak-link-idUSKBN1E72HO?feedType=RSS&feedName=environmentNews&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+reuters%2Fenvironment+%28News+%2F+US+%2F+Environment%29" target="_blank">told Reuters</a>.
</p><p>
<a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/electronic-waste-united-nations-2517390624.html" target="_blank">Last year</a>, the amount of electronic waste around the world grew to a record 45 million tons in 2016—equivalent to about 4,500 Eiffel Towers. Most discarded gadgets go into <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/stunning-photos-capture-devastating-worldwide-e-waste-problem-1882033036.html">landfills or get sent overseas.</a>
</p><p style="">
So before you consider an iPhone upgrade, here are some things to keep in mind (via Greenpeace):
</p><ul class="ee-ul">
<li>More than 60 different elements are commonly used in the manufacturing of smartphones. While the amount of each element in a single device may seem small, the combined impacts of mining and processing these precious materials for 7 billion devices is significant.</li>
</ul><ul class="ee-ul">
<li>In 2014 alone, e-waste from small IT products like smartphones was estimated to be 3 million metric tons. </li>
</ul><ul class="ee-ul">
<li>Only two (Fairphone and LG G5) of 13 models reviewed had easily replaceable batteries. This means consumers are forced to replace their whole devices when the battery life starts to dwindle.</li>
</ul><ul class="ee-ul">
<li>Since 2007, roughly 968 terawatt hours (TWh) has been used to manufacture smartphones, which is nearly the same as one year's power supply for India (973 TWh in 2014).</li>
</ul><ul class="ee-ul">
<li>At end-of-life, current design makes disassembly difficult, including the use of proprietary screws and glued in batteries; therefore, smartphones are often shredded and sent for smelting when "recycled." Given the small amounts of a wide diversity of materials and substances in small devices, smelting is inefficient or ineffective at recovering many of the materials.</li></ul><p>Apple <a href="https://influencemap.org/company/Apple-385f398538b2e6145dcb8afdc945c263" target="_blank">has been recognized</a> for its strong support of climate change action and its positive engagement with a number of climate change policy areas. However, its latest iPhone-kerfuffle certainly does not add to its environmentally friendly image.</p>
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Electronic Waste Study Finds $65 Billion in Raw Materials Discarded in Just One Year
14 December 2017
Popular
Cap Sciences / Flickr
The amount of electronic waste around the world grew to a record 45 million tons in 2016, according to a United Nations-backed study released on Wednesday.
To put that in perspective, the weight of last year's e-waste was equivalent to about 4,500 Eiffel Towers, according to the study by the UN university, the International Telecommunication Union and the International Solid Waste Association. The amount of e-waste—defined as anything with a plug or a battery—rose by eight percent since 2014, the time of the last assessment.
<p style="">The study also found that raw materials thrown out as e-waste—metals such as gold, silver, copper, platinum and palladium— were worth $64.61 billion in 2016. But despite this economic incentive, only 8.9 million tons of e-waste were recovered. </p><p style="">"Only 20 percent [of e-waste] is going in the official collection and recycling schemes," Ruediger Kuehr, head of the UN University's Sustainable Cycles Programme, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-gas-italy-tap/austria-gas-blast-exposes-italy-weak-link-idUSKBN1E72HO?feedType=RSS&feedName=environmentNews&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+reuters%2Fenvironment+%28News+%2F+US+%2F+Environment%29" target="_blank">told Reuters</a>. He <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-gas-italy-tap/austria-gas-blast-exposes-italy-weak-link-idUSKBN1E72HO?feedType=RSS&feedName=environmentNews&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+reuters%2Fenvironment+%28News+%2F+US+%2F+Environment%29" target="_blank">noted</a> that the amount of e-waste is more shocking considering that 67 countries, covering two-thirds of the world's population, has legislation for processing e-waste.</p><p style="">In 2016, the worldwide e-waste average was 13.5 pounds per person, or 54 pounds for a family of four. But in the U.S. or Canada the figure was 3.3 times higher. And the global trend is surging. By 2021 there will be a 17 percent increase, making e-waste the fastest growing part of the world's domestic waste stream, according to the study. Put simply, the study found that rising incomes and falling prices on electronic goods was driving the rising amount of e-waste. </p><p style="">Although countries widely vary in recycling capacity, nowhere in the world is equipped to deal with increasing e-waste—there isn't a country that come closes to recycling even half. Europe, at 35 percent, has the highest collection rate, while Australia and New Zealand, two countries that produce the highest e-waste per person at 38 pounds, collect and formally recycle only six percent of their electronics. </p><p style="">The U.S.—where 30 percent of e-waste gets landfilled, exported or recycled informally—hasn't ratified the <a href="http://www.basel.int/Countries/StatusofRatifications/PartiesSignatories/tabid/4499/Default.aspx" target="_blank">Basel Convention</a>, which bans the transport of e-waste due to its association with heavy metals like <a href="http://www.ecowatch.com/tag/lead">lead</a> and <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/tag/mercury">mercury</a>. But this problem isn't limited to the U.S. </p><p style="">European and North American countries, despite being signatories to the Basel Convention, often ship e-waste to <a href="http://www.ipsnews.net/2011/11/ghana-toxic-electronic-waste-contaminates-nearby-areas/" target="_blank">poor countries</a> as "electronics for reuse" or hidden with legitimate cargo. Though the health consequences of e-waste exposure have been poorly studied, <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214999614003208" target="_blank">experts suspect</a> that contamination may carry <a href="http://www.ipsnews.net/2011/11/ghana-toxic-electronic-waste-contaminates-nearby-areas/" target="_blank">severe risks</a>. </p><p style="">The study's authors <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/11DCXXZM-bflxHxk92gOXbweIceb40brP/view" target="_blank">noted</a> that ultimately the business model of electronics needs to shift from one that produces replaceable electronics to one that makes electronics easier to repair and recycle. </p><p style="">"Consumers are only interested in price and performance. That needs to change," Vanessa Gray, one of the study's authors, told <a href="https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/12/e-waste-monitor-report-glut/" target="_blank">National Geographic</a>.</p>
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