Our Picks for the Best Vitamin C Serums of 2021
Each product featured here has been independently selected by the writer. You can learn more about our review methodology here. If you make a purchase using the links included, we may earn commission.
- Best Overall: ZO Skin Health 10% Vitamin C Self-Activating
- Best for Sensitive Skin: Paula's Choice RESIST Super Antioxidant Concentrate Serum
- Best Budget-Friendly Serum: CeraVe Vitamin C Serum with Hyaluronic Acid
- Best Cruelty-Free Serum: Timeless Skin Care 20% Vitamin C Plus E Ferulic Acid Serum
- Best Anti-Aging Serum: SkinCeuticals C E Ferulic Combination Antioxidant Treatment
- Best Brightening Serum: The Ordinary Vitamin C Suspension 23% + HA Spheres 2%
Skincare Benefits of Vitamin C
Also known as ascorbic acid or L-ascorbic acid, vitamin C is an antioxidant that is present in the formation of collagen and that protects against aging, according to Dr. Anna Chacon, a board-certified dermatologist with MyPsoriasisTeam. A vitamin C serum may be a solid addition to your skincare routine because it has a great safety profile, and it's safe for most skin types.
"Vitamin C serum restores and neutralizes environmental stressors that accelerate signs of aging and can be used morning and evening," Dr. Chacon says. However, she warns, "it does not come with sun protection, so additional use of sunscreen is recommended."
As an antioxidant, vitamin C protects skin cells from being damaged by free radicals from things like UV exposure, vehicle exhaust and cigarette smoke. It also hampers melanin production, which can help to lighten hyperpigmentation and brown spots and even out your skin tone.
6 Best Vitamin C Serums
Based on dermatologist recommendations and our market research, the following products are the best vitamin C serums available today.
Best Overall: ZO Skin Health 10% Vitamin C Self-Activating
zoskinhealth.com
Our overall recommendation for the best vitamin C serum is the ZO Skin Health 10% Vitamin C Self-Activating serum. The product contains 10% vitamin C, which has anti-aging properties and minimizes the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles and sunspots by promoting collagen production. "I have this in my bathroom," Dr. Chacon says. "It is gentle and non-irritating, and it leaves your skin radiant afterward."
Customer Rating: 4.7 out of 5 stars with under 100 Amazon ratings
Why Buy: Along with L-ascorbic acid, this serum includes ingredients like Coenzyme Q10 for multi-layer antioxidant protection and plant-derived squalane for added hydration. ZO Skin Health's products are all cruelty-free.
Best for Sensitive Skin: Paula's Choice RESIST Super Antioxidant Concentrate Serum
paulaschoice.com
Made with plant- and vitamin-derived antioxidants including vitamin C, vitamin E, peptides and CoQ10, Paula's Choice RESIST Super Antioxidant Concentrate Serum will help rejuvenate your skin. The formula fights dullness, enhances firmness and reduces the appearance of wrinkles.
Customer Rating: 4.6 out of 5 stars with about 300 Amazon ratings
Why Buy: This product is paraben-free, fragrance-free and cruelty-free, as it's not tested on animals. The container is 100% recyclable through TerraCycle, and it's formulated and manufactured in the U.S.
Best Budget-Friendly Serum: CeraVe Vitamin C Serum with Hyaluronic Acid
cerave.com
CeraVe Vitamin C Serum with Hyaluronic Acid offers high value at a reasonable price. It is a hydrating vitamin C serum that's fragrance-free, paraben-free, non-comedogenic and budget-friendly to boot. The formula uses 10% pure vitamin C to prevent free radical damage as well as soothing vitamin B5 and hyaluronic acid to make the skin look smooth and create a moisture barrier for your skin.
Customer Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars with over 20,000 Amazon ratings
Why Buy: Chacon calls CeraVe "a trusted, dermatologist-oriented brand" that comes at drugstore prices, so it's a great choice if you want to try out a budget-friendly vitamin C serum.
Best Cruelty-Free Serum: Timeless Skin Care 20% Vitamin C Plus E Ferulic Acid Serum
timelessha.com
Timeless Skin Care's vitamin C serum promotes healthy cell turnover to help minimize the effects of hyperpigmentation and even out your skin tone. According to Dr. Chacon, "vitamin C, E and ferulic acid are all key ingredients that help to brighten skin, building up collagen and evening out tone." This product's formula is non-greasy and lightweight, so it absorbs quickly and clearly into the skin.
Customer Rating: 4.3 out of 5 stars with over 1,700 Amazon ratings
Why Buy: The Timeless Skin Care formula is paraben-free, synthetic dye-free, fragrance-free and polyethylene glycol-free. The company doesn't test on animals, and the product is made in the U.S. from natural ingredients. It's also part of the TerraCycle recycling program.
Best Anti-Aging Serum: SkinCeuticals C E Ferulic Combination Antioxidant Treatment
skinceuticals.com
Using dermatologist-approved ingredients, SkinCeuticals C E Ferulic Combination Antioxidant Treatment is lightweight and helps to firm, smooth, and brighten the skin for a more youthful look. The formula utilizes 15% pure vitamin C as well as vitamin E and ferulic acid to protect against environmental damage from things like sunlight, ozone pollution and diesel engine exhaust. Plus, it helps firm the skin and reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.
Customer Rating: 4.1 out of 5 stars with over 200 Amazon ratings
Why Buy: The SkinCeuticals C E Ferulic Combination Antioxidant Treatment is one of the best vitamin C serums for anti-aging purposes. It has an oil-like formulation that goes on smoothly and works effectively without clogging pores.
Best Brightening Serum: The Ordinary Vitamin C Suspension 23% + HA Spheres 2%
theordinary.deciem.com
The Ordinary Vitamin C Suspension 23% + HA Spheres 2% is a topical form of vitamin C that's rich in antioxidants to target aging and brighten the skin. It uses a high concentration of L-ascorbic acid as well as hyaluronic acid spheres for skin hydration. The brightening serum helps enhance skin smoothness and radiance without being too harsh. However, to test skin sensitivity, it is always recommended to perform a patch test before a full application.
Customer Rating: 4.3 out of 5 stars with over 4,500 Amazon ratings
Why Buy: This vitamin C brightening serum is cruelty-free and vegan and does not contain alcohol, phthalates, gluten, fragrance, nuts, oil, silicone, parabens or sulfates. The moisturizing serum is good for all skin types, including acne-prone skin and dry skin.
FAQ: Best Vitamin C Serums
What vitamin C serum is the most effective?
Our top recommended vitamin C serum is the ZO Skin Health 10% Vitamin C Self-Activating serum. It is a dermatologist-approved antioxidant powerhouse, yet it is gentle, non-irritating and leaves you with glowing skin.
Should you use vitamin C serum every day?
Dermatologists recommend using vitamin C serum either every day or every other day. After you cleanse and tone your face, use your vitamin c product before applying moisturizer and reef-safe sunscreen with at least SPF 30.
Does vitamin C serum really work?
According to dermatologists, the best vitamin C serums work to protect against skin aging. However, if you do not purchase a doctor-recommended product, you run the risk of wasting your money on a low-concentration serum that won't give you any benefits.
What are the drawbacks of vitamin C serums?
Many vitamin C serums on the market, especially cheaper products, have nearly immeasurable concentrations of antioxidants, which makes them ineffective. Additionally, as with any skincare product, some individuals may have reactions to vitamin C serums including itchiness and redness.
Anna H. Chacon, M.D. is a dermatologist and author originally from Miami, Florida. She has authored over a dozen peer-reviewed articles, book chapters and has been published in JAAD, Archives of Dermatology, British Journal of Dermatology, Cosmetic Dermatology and Cutis.
Top 10 Cities for Solar in Florida
To narrow down the top cities for solar energy in Florida, our team compiled and examined reports generated by the SEIA and Energy Information Administration, solar generation maps from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the latest Shining Cities report from Environment America.
Based on our research, we have deemed the following 10 cities to be hubs for solar energy in Florida:
- Jacksonville
- Tampa
- Orlando
- Miami
- Fort Myers
- Fort Lauderdale
- West Palm Beach
- Melbourne
- St. Petersburg
- Winter Park
EcoWatch
1. Jacksonville
Taking the top spot on our list of top cities for solar in Florida is Jacksonville. In the latest Shining Cities report, Jax ranked No. 13 in the country for total installed solar PV capacity, outranking places including Austin, Texas; San Francisco; and New Orleans. The city has implemented a number of programs to make solar more accessible to its residents, including a rebate of $4,000 per home on solar battery purchases.
2. Tampa
Tampa is another solar leader in the Sunshine State, boasting a solar installation rate that averages out to 42 watts per resident (as of December 2019). With an average of 246 sunny days annually, the city is well situated to truly reap the benefits of solar. Summers are hot, and while the area is humid in certain months, the winter and early spring are mild and dry.
3. Orlando
Orlando comes in just below Tampa with about 35 watts of solar PV per person through the end of 2019. Nestled snug in the middle of the state, the city is exposed to ample sunshine year-round, making solar energy a natural choice to combat high traditional electric bills, and residents have eagerly embraced the utility cost savings that solar can offer.
4. Miami
The southernmost city on this list, Miami has a tropical climate with pleasantly warm winters and long and muggy summers — as well as plenty of sun. Yes, the area gets its share of rain, but that doesn't stand in the way of solar being a great investment for residents. The city of Miami is fast-tracking its solar panel installation: It has about 10 watts installed per person, and that number is steadily increasing.
5. Fort Myers
NREL maps show Fort Myers has one of the most highly concentrated potentials for rooftop solar generation in the state. Something else that makes this Southwest Florida city stand out is its proximity to Babcock Ranch, the first solar-powered town in America. The planned community is located just 25 miles north of Fort Myers.
6. Fort Lauderdale
Fort Lauderdale, Florida, receives over 3,000 hours of yearly sunshine. And rightfully so, the city has recognized the need to harness the power of natural sunlight to produce clean energy. Fort Lauderdale is an active participant in the GoSolar Broward Rooftop Solar Challenge, which is focused on making it easier and more affordable for homeowners to install rooftop solar PV, and has local financing programs and community co-ops to help lower the cost of solar panels.
7. West Palm Beach
Just north of Fort Lauderdale, West Palm Beach benefits from a tropical climate and abundant sunshine year-round. The city has embraced multiple forms of clean energy and is focused on phasing out oil and coal, while simultaneously boosting solar usage. West Palm Beach seeks to employ at least 30 million solar panels by 2030.
8. Melbourne
Melbourne is another coastal Florida city that soaks up sunshine all year long. NREL maps show this area has an above-average number of buildings suitable for solar installation, and residents have been cashing in on their prime positioning. One reason for this may be that the average solar investment comes with a sizable return — according to Google's Project Sunroof, Melbourne residents stand to save $8,000 over 20 years after buying solar panels.
9. St. Petersburg
Situated in West Florida just south of Tampa, St. Pete has been nicknamed "The Sunshine City," averaging 361 days of sunshine each year. In fact, the city set a Guinness World Record between 1967 and 1969 for logging 768 days of sunshine. Knowing that, it's probably no surprise NREL maps show the area as having one of the state's highest potentials for rooftop solar energy generation.
10. Winter Park
Winter Park, located just outside of Orlando, was the first city in Central Florida to offer residents PACE financing for solar panels — and its commitment to solar energy has only continued to expand. Recently, the City of Winter Park was even awarded a SolSmart Gold designation for its strides toward renewable energy and its efforts to make installations faster, easier and more affordable for residents.
Where Solar Panels Make the Most Sense
Solar panels generally work best in cities that have regular and constant exposure to sunlight on an annual basis. Additionally, areas where winters tend to be shorter and less harsh stand to benefit more from solar energy. This alone demonstrates why there are so many solar-embracing cities all across Florida.
Renewable energy systems are also more attractive in cities that have adopted incentives for their residents, such as Jacksonville's solar battery rebate program. Many cities that didn't make our top 10 list offer solar rebates and low-interest loan programs, including Longwood, Tallahassee and Lauderhill.
Another factor that goes into where solar makes sense is local energy costs. Generally speaking, Florida's energy costs are high, which makes an investment in solar energy a worthy choice. If this were not the case, and the cost of energy wasn't above average, then the benefits associated with solar energy would be reduced.
Average Florida Electricity Costs
According to the EIA, the average monthly electric bill for a Florida resident is $129.65, with normal monthly consumption totaling 1,108 kWh. Comparing these numbers to other South Atlantic states, Florida is one of the clear leaders in terms of cost and consumption, making solar energy a natural choice for reducing bills as well as minimizing traditional energy output.
Florida Solar Tax Incentives
When considering solar energy, it is also important to learn about any tax rebates or incentives that are provided by the state. Along with city-specific programs, all Florida homeowners can benefit from the following statewide incentives:
| Florida Solar Incentive | Details |
| Property Tax Exemption |
Installing a solar panel system will up the value of your home,
but this mandate ensures you won't have to pay higher property taxes due to the increased value. |
| Sales Tax Exemption |
Florida's 6% sales tax is not applied to the purchase of solar
panels or related installation equipment. |
Also worth noting is Florida's net metering program. This is one of the most important regulatory policies pertaining to residential solar owners in Florida. It allows a homeowner to sell excess solar energy that is generated by the grid, resulting in a cost savings.
Federal Solar Tax Credits
On a federal level, Florida residents who invest in solar can also receive a 26% federal solar investment tax credit (ITC). This applies to people who buy their PV system outright either through a cash purchase or through a solar loan or financing.
Florida Solar Regulations
The state of Florida has numerous regulations that must be followed as it pertains to solar energy. The most prominent, however, is the Florida Solar Rights Act. This restricts any person or group, inclusive of homeowners associations, from barring solar or other renewable energy device installation on any building. Additionally, an HOA cannot require that a homeowner's solar system be screened from view by trees, fences, remote roof location or any other means.
All in all, based on the high need to use energy in Florida in order to keep houses cool, solar is a great choice. Plus, residents are well-positioned to receive cost savings by embracing this form of clean, renewable energy.
Top 10 Cities for Solar in North Carolina
To determine North Carolina's top cities for solar, we examined data provided by a variety of organizations, including generation reports from the Energy Information Administration, capacity maps from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and city-specific analyses by Environment America.
Based on our findings, these are the top 10 cities for solar in North Carolina:
- Asheville
- Raleigh
- Charlotte
- Durham
- Greensboro
- Chapel Hill
- Wilmington
- Winston-Salem
- Cary
- Concord
EcoWatch
1. Asheville
A progressive bastion within the state, there is little wonder why Asheville ranks No. 1 on our list of top solar cities in North Carolina. Asheville aggressively promotes solar energy, even going so far as to offer a rebate on building permits when solar is installed on either residential or commercial properties. Asheville currently has over 89.5 watts of solar capacity installed per person, which is the 18th-highest per-capita installation in the U.S.
2. Raleigh
As the capital of the state, Raleigh stands central to a few leading universities and is part of the Research Triangle, a major science and technology hub. As such, the area is deeply committed to innovation, so it is no surprise it ranks No. 2 in the state for its adoption of solar. The city has over 23.4 watts of solar PV capacity installed per person.
3. Charlotte
The Queen City has approximately 14 watts of total installed solar PV per person, and it's likely this number is set to grow as the local government pivots toward solar. Charlotte is currently in the process of transitioning 25% of its municipal buildings' electricity needs to solar energy.
4. Durham
Another part of the Research Triangle region, Durham is known for its technology companies and the fact that it is home to Duke University. The area leans progressive and has the reputation of being North Carolina's " hippest city." Likely because of this, its residents tend to think green and have been eagerly adopting solar as a way of combating climate change.
5. Greensboro
Situated in the center of the state, Greensboro is a rapidly growing area that encompasses a beautiful and vast natural environment. Residents bask in the abundant Carolina sunshine, and as such, NREL maps show the area has one of the highest potentials for annual solar generation in the state.
6. Chapel Hill
The town of Chapel Hill, also a member of the famed Research Triangle and home to UNC-Chapel Hill, has a focus on research and development that includes renewable energy. The town recently became a member of the U.S. Department of Energy's SolSmart Program, which means it receives federal technical assistance with enhancing opportunities for local solar generation.
7. Wilmington
Located along the Eastern Seaboard, Wilmington is a beach town that receives constant attention from the sun. The city encourages its residents to embrace conservation, and in a recent survey, 81% of respondents strongly agreed with the city's goal to transition to clean energy, and over half agreed solar was the best way to do so.
8. Winston-Salem
Winston-Salem, located near Greensboro as part of the Piedmont Triad area, is another North Carolina city that's promising for future solar installations. According to NREL maps, the city has an above-average number of buildings that are suitable for solar panels, and it has one of the highest roof-mount generation potentials in the state.
9. Cary
Located just outside Raleigh, it's easy to understand Cary's shared values with its sister city. It is one of the fastest-growing cities in the South and attracts Northerners seeking the area's pleasant weather and abundant sunshine in droves. Expect to see Cary's solar adoption continue to grow in the coming years.
10. Concord
Planted just outside of Charlotte, Concord actively partners with NC GreenPower, an independent nonprofit organization that promotes the mission of expanding knowledge and acceptance of clean energy practices, including the adoption of solar. Concord's work has been paying off, as it assumes the 10th spot on our list of the top cities for solar in North Carolina.
Where Does Solar Make the Most Sense?
North Carolina is located in an area of the country known for its long, sunny summers and relatively short winters. This makes the state ideally situated to reap the benefits of solar. Of course, solar is also more attractive in cities that have adopted local financial incentives (more on that below).
The cost of energy can also make solar a better or worse decision. If costs associated with energy tend to be high, homeowners will get a better return on their solar energy investments. Conversely, if energy costs are low, the benefit associated with transitioning to solar energy is not as prevalent.
Average North Carolina Electricity Costs
In North Carolina's case, most homeowners can expect to spend significant amounts of money on utilities, which explains the state's heady move to solar.
Based on a report distributed by the EIA, the average monthly electricity bill for a North Carolina resident is $123.25, with average monthly consumption checking in at 1,079 kWh. These numbers aren't the highest in the South Atlantic region — which also includes Delaware, the District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, South Carolina, Virginia and West Virginia — but they aren't the lowest, either.
Compared with the national average of about $115 per month, North Carolinians pay a decent amount for energy, making the state's residents well-suited to receive considerable solar benefits.
North Carolina Solar Tax Incentives
Along with benefiting from low to nonexistent utility bills, North Carolina residents can take advantage of a few key financial incentives that make solar a more appealing investment. Here is an overview of what North Carolina homeowners should know about the state's tax incentives:
| Incentive | North Carolina Solar Incentive Details |
| Duke Energy solar power rebates | Duke Energy customers who opt to install a solar panel system can receive a rebate of 60 cents per watt for systems up to 10 kW. The program is first-come, first-served, but customers can join a waitlist to receive future benefits when funds run out for the year. |
| Revolving loan options | North Carolina allows for cities and counties to provide low-interest loans for solar panels as well as other energy upgrades. Interest rates on loans cap out at 8%. |
| State property tax exemption | A solar panel system increases the value of your home, but North Carolina residents can rest assured their property taxes will not go up due to a solar-related increase. |
Additionally, the state of North Carolina has a net metering policy that credits homeowners for the excess power that their system generates. The program is administered by two of the state's major power companies, Dominion Energy Virginia and Duke Energy.
Dominion Energy encourages homeowners who use solar to enroll in a net metering program to connect their system to the power grid. The utility will then install a meter that measures a two-way flow of electricity.
Duke Energy's program lets customers who generate electricity from a solar power system offset energy costs and receive a credit on their bill when excess energy is produced.
Federal Solar Tax Credits
Another incentive to be aware of if you live in North Carolina — or anywhere else in the U.S. — is the federal investment tax credit (ITC). This solar tax credit is recognized as one of the major drivers for encouraging Americans to adopt solar. It offers a credit valued at 26% of the cost of a home solar system.
North Carolina Solar Regulations
There are some key regulations that residents of the state of North Carolina need to be informed about as well. For instance, HB589 requires the creation of a rebate program and financing incentives to encourage customer adoption of clean energy like rooftop solar. From this legislation, a Solar Rebate Program has been created that seeks to attract and encourage homeowners interested in clean energy to install solar on their homes.
Another key point of HB589 is the establishment of a Community Solar Program, which allows North Carolina residents to collectively own a solar facility or subscribe to some of that facility's overall output. This program applies to developers, utilities or even a group of neighbors or customers.
The programs established by this bill are currently in development.
Final Thoughts: Top Cities for Solar in North Carolina
It's easy to see why North Carolina is a top state for solar energy in the U.S., but there's still room for improvement. If your city didn't make our top list of the top cities for solar in North Carolina, there are a few ways to raise your area's solar profile.
First, you can install a solar panel system on your own roof and encourage your neighbors to do the same. You can also contact your elected officials (at the local, state and even federal level) to urge for more stringent renewable energy goals. By doing these things, you can play a big part in North Carolina's clean energy future.
Top 10 Cities for Solar in Arizona
To determine Arizona's top cities for solar energy, EcoWatch analyzed solar generation data from the Energy Information Administration, maps from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the latest Shining Cities report from Environment America.
After synthesizing these data points, we've determined the following places to be the top 10 cities for solar in Arizona:
- Phoenix
- Scottsdale
- Tucson
- Flagstaff
- Yuma
- Tempe
- Glendale
- Camp Verde
- Prescott
- Buckeye
EcoWatch
Phoenix
Phoenix isn't just Arizona's leader in solar installation — it's also one of the top solar cities in the entire country. According to the Shining Cities report, Phoenix is ranked No. 8 in the nation in terms of total watts of solar energy installed per capita. That puts it just behind Las Vegas (Nevada's top solar city) and about equal to Riverside (one of the top cities for solar in California).
Scottsdale
This desert town outside of Phoenix is known for its luxurious resorts. It's a great destination for golfing or for getting pampered at the spa. According to NREL data, there are plenty of rooflines that make it just perfect for solar panel installation.
Tucson
Beautiful Tucson is another go-to for leisure and recreation. Because of its closer proximity to the equator, Tucson has one of the highest annual solar power generation potentials in the state — and this sun-saturated city has made an admirable commitment to solar power.
Flagstaff
Flagstaff is another Arizona city that gets plenty of sun exposure throughout the year, making it ideally positioned for solar installation. Flagstaff City Hall even has solar panels installed on its south-facing facade, which generate a small portion of the building's energy and serve as a good sign of support for residents.
Yuma
Positioned next to the Colorado River on the U.S.-Mexico border, Yuma consistently tops lists of the sunniest cities on Earth. In fact, it even holds a Guinness World Record for "most sunshine." Yuma's community has embraced the benefits of clean, renewable energy, but the city still has a lot of untapped potential, with an above-average number of buildings suitable for solar according to NREL.
Tempe
Located outside of Phoenix, Tempe is a great place to soak up some sun, and many homeowners have taken advantage of that fact, installing robust, residential solar systems. Tempe is also one of the cities in the 2021 Arizona Solar Challenge, which means its residents are working to help the state realize its commitment to be carbon-free by 2050.
Glendale
Another city in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, Glendale is rapidly growing. And as its population expands, so does its commitment to solar. NREL's maps show the city has more than 20,000 buildings suitable for solar panels and some of the state's highest potentials for both solar power capacity and generation.
Camp Verde
Camp Verde, located in the center of the state between Phoenix and Flagstaff, is another town that's well-known for outdoor recreation and festivities. Naturally, it's also a pretty good place to harness the natural energy of the sun.
Prescott
Just west of Camp Verde, residents of Prescott have put their sun-soaked rooftops to good use and given the city an admirable reputation for solar installation. There is also a new solar facility being developed in the area, which will be able to provide clean, renewable energy to over 20,000 homes.
Buckeye
This Phoenix suburb is one of the fastest-growing cities in the country. As it blossoms, its commitment to solar energy grows. In fact, the city was recently chosen as the site of the first U.S.-owned lithium-ion battery plant thanks to its proximity to a vibrant solar industry.
Where Solar Panels Work Best
As you consider your own possible investment in solar power, it's important to keep in mind that solar energy is more viable in some places than in others. With that said, what makes a city or town especially primed to embrace solar energy?
There are a couple of factors to consider. The obvious one is sun exposure. Places that have consistent sunlight throughout the seasons are always going to be better bets for solar installation. Luckily, most Arizona cities don't struggle with sunshine.
The other factor is local utility costs. In places where electricity costs are high, the value of solar energy is more pronounced. But if local electrical costs are low, then the benefits of going solar are comparatively modest.
Average Arizona Energy Costs
According to the Energy Industries Association, the average monthly electricity cost in Arizona is $126.09. This is considerably higher than the average in neighboring states; in Utah, for example, the average monthly cost for electricity is just $75. The high cost of electric energy makes Arizona a sweet spot to embrace the benefits of solar power. It is also worth noting that Arizona's average monthly electrical consumption is higher than the U.S. average, which is about $115 per month.
Arizona Solar Tax Incentives
Solar energy can help homeowners save money in more ways than one. Not only can it cut electric bills, but in many places, there are significant tax incentives, as well. These can make the cost of solar panels significantly less impactful on your wallet.
Arizona has some of the most helpful solar tax incentives in the entire country. There are a couple that are especially worth knowing about:
- Residential Arizona solar tax credit: This credit reimburses you 25% of the cost of your panels, up to $1,000. You can claim this credit on your personal income tax returns.
- Equipment tax exemption: You do not have to pay any sales tax when you buy solar panels or other installation-related equipment in Arizona.
- Property tax exemption: Solar panels will increase your property value, but this exemption makes sure that this doesn't factor into the property taxes you pay. In Arizona, you won't be taxed higher because of your solar installation.
Federal Solar Tax Credits
These tax incentives are nice, but keep in mind that there is also a federal solar tax credit, available to all Americans, that currently reduces the cost of your solar system by 26%. This can be compounded with the savings mentioned above to make it that much more affordable to go solar.
Keep in mind, however, that in 2023, this credit will be reduced to 22%, and there is currently no credit available in 2024 or beyond.
Arizona Solar Regulations
One of the downsides of Arizona's solar energy scene is that the state itself has a dicey history of passing anti-renewables laws, some of them as recent as 2018. Such laws essentially allow utility companies to ignore clean energy mandates, or to receive only the most minimal fines when they do so. And yet, other laws mandate that utility companies make a considerable investment in solar power.
From a regulative standpoint, Arizona is thorny, at best… but that should not stop homeowners and business owners from embracing the benefits of solar power.
Top 10 States for Solar Energy Tax Incentives
As you consider whether to invest in solar energy, make sure you're aware of any tax incentives specific to your state. If you decide to work with a local top solar company, it will likely provide you with assistance in claiming these financial benefits.
According to our research and analysis, the 10 states with the best solar energy tax incentives include:
- New York
- Rhode Island
- Iowa
- Connecticut
- Maryland
- New Mexico
- Colorado
- Massachusetts
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
EcoWatch
New York Solar Incentives
Residents of New York have a number of ways to offset their solar panel installation costs, above and beyond what's offered by the federal tax incentive:
- NY-Sun Megawatt Block incentive: Under this program, solar consumers can claim a dollars-per-watt ($/W) cash rebate for their systems. Both residential and commercial systems can qualify for this program.
- Solar Energy System Equipment Credit: This solar incentive allows residents to deduct up to $5,000 or 25% of total solar energy expenses from their taxes (whichever is lower). The credit is available to homeowners who purchase a new system or who choose to lease a system.
- Sales tax exemption: Buyers do not pay the state's 4% sales tax on solar equipment.
- Net metering: New York residents may also take advantage of the current statewide net metering program, which allows any excess solar power generated by a system to be fed back into the solar grid in exchange for credits on utility bills.
Rhode Island Solar Incentives
For residents of Rhode Island, there are several ways to save money on solar installation:
- CommerceRI's Renewable Energy Fund grant program: Under this program, homeowners can get a rebate of $0.85 per watt, capped at $7,000, when they have a new system installed. For the average system, this amounts to savings of somewhere between $4,000 and $5,000.
- Property tax exemption: This exemption makes sure that, even if solar panels raise the value of your property, they will not raise your property taxes.
- Sales tax exemption: When Rhode Island residents purchase a new solar system, they are exempt from paying the state's 7% sales tax on the equipment.
- Net metering: Rhode Island residents may feed their excess solar power back into the solar grid in exchange for utility credits. The state has a Renewable Energy Growth program that ensures those enrolled receive 29.65 cents per kilowatt-hour fed back to the grid for 15 years.
Iowa Solar Incentives
Iowa offers a number of solar tax incentives, in addition to the federal tax credit:
- Iowa Solar Energy System Tax Credit: Iowa residents can recoup 15% of the cost of a solar system, capped at $5,000. This credit is claimed when filing state income taxes.
- Property tax exemption: This exemption assures Iowa homeowners that property taxes will not rise if solar panels raise the value of their property.
- Sales tax exemption: Iowans do not have to pay the 6% state sales tax when they purchase equipment for their new solar system.
- Net metering: Iowa residents may also take advantage of net metering credits.
Connecticut Solar Incentives
Several financial incentives are available in Connecticut, including each of the following:
- Residential Solar Investment Rebate Program: This rebate is managed by the Connecticut Green Bank and pays $0.463 per watt of solar installed. Most homeowners are eligible for more than $2,000 savings through this rebate program.
- Energy Conservation Loan Program: Connecticut residents who wish to purchase a solar system can get low-interest loans from the state government. Specifically, residents can borrow up to $25,000 for 10 years with interest rates as low as 0% and no higher than 6%.
- Sales tax exemption: Connecticut residents do not have to pay the 6.35% state sales tax on new solar equipment.
- Property tax exemption: This exemption assures Connecticut homeowners that property taxes will not be raised after solar panel installation.
- Net metering: Connecticut residents also have the option of net metering, meaning any excess solar power generated by their system can be fed back into the solar grid in exchange for utility credits.
Maryland Solar Incentives
In addition to the federal tax incentives, Maryland residents can take advantage of these financial incentives:
- Residential Clean Energy Rebate Program: Maryland residents get a rebate of $1,000 when they install a new solar panel system or solar shingles at their primary residence.
- Solar Renewable Energy Certificates (SRECs): Maryland homeowners may receive one certificate for each megawatt-hour of clean electricity they produce via their residential solar system. These credits can then be sold on the SREC market.
- Property tax exemption: Installing solar systems can increase the value of a home, but Maryland residents do not have to pay any additional property taxes.
- Sales tax exemption: Maryland residents do not have to pay the state's 6% sales tax on new solar equipment.
- Net metering: Maryland homeowners have access to net metering, meaning any excess solar power generated by their system can be fed back into the solar grid in exchange for utility credits.
New Mexico Solar Incentives
In New Mexico, residents can take advantage of the federal tax incentive as well as the following:
- Solar Market Development Tax Credit: New Mexico taxpayers get a 10% tax credit (up to $6,000) toward total solar energy expenses.
- Sustainable Building Tax Credit: New Mexico will credit up to $6.50 per square foot on your income taxes when you install solar panels. Note that, to qualify, the home must be certified by the U.S. Green Building Council.
- Property tax exemption: New Mexico homeowners don't pay property taxes on their increased home value after installing solar panels.
- Net metering: Homeowners can take advantage of the state's net metering program to sell excess energy back to the grid.
Colorado Solar Incentives
In Colorado, some of the most prominent solar tax incentives include:
- Local rebates: Although Colorado does not have a statewide solar rebate program, the majority of major utility companies and local organizations offer incentives.
- Community Solar Gardens: Colorado is a leader in community solar adoption, which means many non-homeowner residents can subscribe to get their energy from an off-site solar array.
- Sales tax exemption: The state does not tax the physical equipment of solar panels or solar systems.
- Property tax exemption: Colorado residents do not have to pay any additional property taxes for increased home value due to solar installation.
- Net metering: Colorado homeowners can take advantage of net metering through their utility companies.
Massachusetts Solar Incentives
There are several incentives available to homeowners in Massachusetts:
- Residential Energy Credit: Massachusetts residents can get a credit worth up to 15% of the total cost of their solar system. The maximum is a $1,000 credit.
- Solar Massachusetts Renewable Target (SMART) Program: The Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources created this incentive program, which provides credits to customers of investor-owned utility companies.
- Property tax exemption: Massachusetts residents do pay additional property taxes after installing solar panels.
- Sales tax exemption: Massachusetts does not tax the physical equipment of solar panels or solar systems.
- Net metering: Customers of regulated electric companies are eligible for net metering in Massachusetts.
New Hampshire Solar Incentives
Tax incentives available in New Hampshire include:
- Renewable Energy Generation Incentive Program: Those with a solar system size of 10 kilowatts (kW) or less can claim credits worth either $0.20 per watt (up to $1,000) or half the cost of their residential solar system.
- Property tax exemption: New Hampshire residents in select counties are exempt from paying increased property taxes from the value add of their residential solar system.
- Net metering: New Hampshire has a statewide net metering program through which residents can get money back from utilities.
New Jersey Solar Incentives
The following incentives are available to residents of New Jersey:
- Transition Renewable Energy Certificates (TRECs): Residential solar systems can help homeowners earn these certificates, which can be sold back to utility companies.
- Property tax exemption: Those who live in New Jersey are exempt from any property tax increases related to their residential solar equipment.
- Sales tax exemption: Residents do not have to pay the state's 6.625% sales tax on solar panels and related installation equipment.
- Net metering: New Jersey homeowners can take advantage of net metering, meaning any excess solar power generated by their system can be fed back into the solar grid in exchange for credits.
Federal Tax Incentives for Solar Energy
No matter which state you live in, all American homeowners can claim a federal tax incentive for installing solar panels. This credit can be claimed on your federal income tax return and is worth 26% of the total cost of your solar purchase. The incentive is meant to make solar installations more affordable and more accessible to a wider range of homeowners.
The Solar Investment Tax Credit (ITC) was first developed through the Energy Policy Act of 2005. Initially, it was set to last for just two years, but it has been extended for residential solar installations through at least 2023. (Note that the specific terms of the credit have changed over the years and may continue to shift.)
To be eligible for the federal credit, homeowners must meet the following criteria:
- You have installed a residential solar system at any point from 2006 through the end of 2022.
- You have placed the solar system in a residential location. It does not have to be your primary residence.
- You own the solar system (as opposed to leasing it), meaning you paid for it in cash or are financing it.
Is Home Solar Right for You?
We've noted some of the top states for solar tax incentives, but it's worth noting that there are plenty of other states that offer net metering, rebates and other financial incentives. Additionally, we recommend checking for financial incentives from your city/municipality or your local utility company.
While solar installation can cost a lot of money on the front end, these incentives can make it worthwhile — especially if you live somewhere with ample sun exposure, where you can really take advantage of your system's energy-producing abilities.
The 5 Best Solar Panels for Camping
To narrow down our list of the best solar panels for camping, we looked at the industry's top products and ranked them based on factors including durability, ease of setup, charge time, run time, portability, total power output and cost. Based on our findings, these are the five top portable solar panels for camping on the market:
| Best Solar Panels for Camping | Our Award | Buy Now |
|---|---|---|
| FEELLE Portable Solar Power Bank | Best Overall | Check Price |
| Renogy E.POWER Portable Solar Charger | Best Pocket Solar Charger | Check Price |
| Renogy E.FLEX Portable Solar Panel | Best Folding Panel | Check Price |
| Goal Zero Boulder 50 Watt Solar Panel | Best for Long-Term Camping | Check Price |
| Renogy PHOENIX Power Station | Best Camping Power Station | Check Price |
Below we will compare the main features and specifications of each portable solar panel system, along with its pros and cons.
Best Overall: FEELLE Portable Solar Power Bank
feelle.com
The FEELLE Portable Solar Power Bank has four panels that can generate 6W of solar power and fold down to a size slightly larger than a smartphone. There is a built-in lithium battery with a capacity of 25000 milliamp-hours (mAh), which is enough for around eight smartphone charges, with a charging time of about an hour. The device has dual USB ports to charge two devices at once, and it recharges its own battery at the same time when the solar panel is unfolded and in direct sunlight.
The FEELLE Power Bank has a tough waterproof enclosure, so you don't have to worry if it gets wet. It also comes with a powerful LED light built-in, which can be used as a flashlight after dusk, and protection against common electrical faults: overcharge, overvoltage, overcurrent and short circuit.
Even with all of these features, the charger only weighs 1.18 lbs, making it one of the best solar panels for camping trips and other outdoor activities.
Pros:
- Foldable, lightweight and compact
- Waterproof and durable housing
- The 25000 mAh lithium battery can recharge smartphones several times
- Includes electrical protection
Cons:
- Cannot power larger devices — designed for smartphone and tablet charging only
- The lithium battery bank is vulnerable to high temperatures
Best Pocket Solar Charger: Renogy E.POWER Portable Solar Charger
www.renogy.com
The Renogy E.POWER Portable Solar Charger is similar to the FEELLE Portable Solar Power Bank, having dual USB ports and a built-in LED flashlight. The main difference is that the Power Bank unfolds into four panels (6W), while the Portable Solar Charger uses a single panel with a capacity of 1.5W.
The Portable Solar Charger has a 20000 mAh lithium battery pack, capable of providing four to six smartphone charges, and it can recharge itself and your phone at the same time when placed in sunlight. This device has an IP67 enclosure, which offers protection against dust and water splashes. It has a weight of only 1 lb while measuring about 7 inches by 3.5 inches.
Pros:
- Compact and lightweight enough for backpacking
- Dust-tight and waterproof IP67 enclosure
- 4-6 smartphone charges with the 20000 mAh battery
- Capable of fast charging
- CE and ETL electrical safety certifications
Cons:
- Not designed to power larger devices — only smartphones, tablets and its own LED light
- Low solar panel capacity (1.5W). The battery recharges quickly with a power outlet, but it needs 45 hours to recharge from 50% to 100% with sunlight alone.
Best Folding Panel: Renogy E.FLEX Portable Solar Panel
www.renogy.com
The Renogy E.FLEX Portable Solar Panel can unfold into a 30-watt power source, and it converts 22-25% of sunlight into electricity, matching the high-efficiency performance of the best home solar panels. This portable solar panel can recharge a cellphone or action camera in two to four hours, and a tablet in four to six hours. It can charge three devices at once thanks to its triple USB port.
This portable solar panel comes with a 25-year power production warranty and a 5-year material and workmanship warranty. It weighs only 1.6 lbs and measures a compact 12 inches by 6 inches when folded.
Pros:
- Lightweight and water-resistant design
- Can generate up to 30W of power
- Charges a smartphone or camera in two to four hours
- CE and ETL electrical safety certifications
Cons:
- No battery, so it can only charge devices while it's in direct sunlight
- Only designed for mobile device charging; does not power large devices like laptops
- Vulnerable to piercing and squashing, so must be handled with care
Why Buy: The Renogy E.FLEX Portable Solar Panel has the same efficiency as the best rooftop solar panels while being lightweight and foldable. It can charge up to three devices at once.
Best for Long-Term Camping: Goal Zero Boulder 50 Watt Solar Panel
www.goalzero.com
The Goal Zero Boulder 50 Watt Solar Panel is designed for long periods in the wilderness. This is a tough and durable solar panel, with an aluminum frame, a tempered glass covering and a kickstand for easy setup. When combined with a portable power station, it can provide electricity for many types of devices, from phones to laptops to even mini-fridges.
The Boulder 50W solar panel has monocrystalline solar cells, which are the most efficient solar panel cells, and three units can be connected to generate up to 150W of power. Each panel has a weight of 12.4 lbs while measuring roughly 22 inches by 27 inches.
Pros:
- Heavy-duty battery charger with an aluminum frame and tempered glass covering
- Can generate up to 50W of power, or up to 150W by connecting three panels
Cons:
- Larger and heavier than other solar panels for camping
- Requires a chargeable power station and is not designed to connect devices directly
- Due to its rigid enclosure, it cannot be folded
Why Buy: The Goal Zero Boulder 50 Watt Solar Panel is a reliable electricity source for long-term camping, thanks to its tough construction and high power output.
Best Camping Power Station: Renogy PHOENIX Power Station
www.renogy.com
The Renogy PHOENIX Power Station can power electronics and small appliances, delivering up to 200W in total. The Power Station is compatible with many types of devices, thanks to its multiple outputs: 110V AC, 12V DC, 3x USB-A ports, a USB-C port and a CIG port.
The Power Station has a lithium-ion battery with a capacity of 17500 mAh and two LED flashlights. Its total weight is 4.6 lbs while measuring roughly 7 by 6 by 5.6 inches. The Power Station can be charged with a wall outlet, car socket or solar panel. When combined with a 50-watt solar panel, the unit recharges in seven hours.
Pros:
- Provides up to 200W of power
- Compatible with many types of devices (USB, 12V DC, 110V AC)
- Recharges with wall power, car socket or at least 30W solar panel
- Includes a 17500 mAh lithium-ion battery
- Compact design
- CE and ETL electrical safety certifications
Cons:
- Depends on an external solar panel or other power source to recharge
- When used at full power (200W), its charge is depleted in less than one hour.
Why Buy: The Renogy PHOENIX Power Station provides up to 200W of energy, and it can power many types of devices — USB, 12V DC and even 110V AC.
Why Get Camping Solar Panels?
Portable solar panels for camping make trips safer, since they can be used to recharge smartphones and emergency devices when you're off the grid. Many of them have built-in LED flashlights, which are useful at night, and larger models can power small 110V appliances.
Diesel generators can also be used for this purpose, but they have several disadvantages: they're loud, they're polluting, they can be dangerous and you must also carry their fuel. On the other hand, solar panels are completely silent, which means they will not disrupt the natural environment. They also run with a free resource that is found everywhere.
Types of Solar Panels for Camping
Solar panels for camping can be classified into two main types:
- Stand-alone solar panels generate electricity but do not store it. They can be used to charge devices directly when sunlight is available, or they can be used to charge an external power station. Some of them are foldable, while others have a rigid construction.
- Solar panels with built-in batteries can store electric charge, which means they don't depend on an external power station. These panels are generally smaller than stand-alone units, since high-capacity batteries are heavy. When you need more solar battery capacity, a rechargeable power station with external panels is easier to handle.
Cost of Portable Solar Panels for Camping
The cost of solar panels for camping depends on many factors, especially wattage. For example, you may find pocket solar panels below 10W for less than $40, but you can expect to pay over $100 for a larger panel with an output over 30W. Things like durability and sunlight conversion efficiency also affect the price of portable solar panels.
Additionally, there are larger systems available, and prices increase accordingly. For example, if you're looking for a 1,500-watt power station with its own solar panels for recharging, the price can exceed $2,000. This may sound expensive, but it can be well worth it if you're using solar panels for RV camping or need a reliable long-term setup.
How to Choose the Right Solar Panels for Your Camp Setup
Any solar expert will agree that purchasing the right product is key — this applies for both portable solar generators and fixed installations. When comparing solar panels for camping, you should look for products that are durable and easy to use. Since you're dealing with electricity, safety is also important — the risk of electric shock is higher when using low-quality solar panels.
The following are some other important factors you should consider before purchasing portable solar panels for camping:
- Size and weight: Solar panels with a higher wattage can power more devices, but they are also larger and heavier. Carrying a larger system is viable if you take your car, but a lightweight and foldable solar panel is a better option when hiking.
- Design: Before purchasing a portable solar power system, make sure it has the right connectors and wattage for the devices you want to use.
- Portability and ease of setup: Compact solar panels are lightweight and easy to use, but most are limited to smartphone charging and LED lighting. Chargeable power stations with larger panels require more work to set up, but they also provide more electricity.
- Durability: If your portable solar panels will be exposed to dust and water, you must look for a product with a suitable enclosure.
- Power output and amperage: Portable solar power systems should provide the voltage, current and wattage required by the devices you plan to use.
- Charge time and run time: There are two important charging times to consider when purchasing solar panels for camping: the time needed to charge your devices and the time needed to charge their own batteries. If you plan to go camping for several days, you need a solar panel system that can recharge daily with the available sunlight.
- Cost: As mentioned above, many factors determine the cost of portable solar panels for camping. With a higher budget, you can get more watts of solar power and more watt-hours of battery charge.
FAQ: Best Solar Panels for Camping
How many solar panels do I need for camping?
If you choose the right wattage and battery capacity, you only need to carry one or two solar panels. For example, you can look for a compact and foldable 6W panel that fits in your pocket, and it will produce enough power for your smartphone and an LED flashlight. On the other hand, a 50W panel produces enough electricity for several smartphones and small appliances.
What is the best solar panel for camping?
We picked the FEELLE Portable Solar Power Bank as the Best Overall, since it unfolds into a 6W panel that meets the most important needs — smartphone charging and lighting. You will need a larger system if you want to use small appliances. For example, you can use the Renogy PHOENIX 200W Power Station with a 50W solar panel to power most camp amenities.
Are portable solar panels worth it?
Yes, portable solar panels are silent, safer and easier to use than diesel generators. In addition, there is no need to carry diesel when using solar panels. When compared with standalone power banks, the advantage is that they can be recharged over and over again without a wall outlet.
How do you use solar panels while camping?
Solar panels for camping are designed to be user-friendly and can be set up without needing a professional electrician. The smallest foldable panels fit in your pocket or backpack, and you can simply unfold them and connect your smaller devices. On the other hand, larger panels are normally connected to a portable power station, which includes connectors for many types of larger devices and appliances.
Leonardo David is an electromechanical engineer, MBA, energy consultant and technical writer. His energy-efficiency and solar consulting experience covers sectors including banking, textile manufacturing, plastics processing, pharmaceutics, education, food processing, fast food, real estate and retail. He has also been writing articles about energy and engineering topics since 2015.
Top 10 Cities for Solar in Massachusetts
Our team has engaged in extensive research to determine the top 10 cities for solar in Massachusetts. We examined varied studies, maps and data compiled by the Energy Information Administration, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and Environment America. This work has allowed us to determine the cities in Massachusetts that are the state's solar leaders.
- Boston
- Lowell
- Cambridge
- Lawrence
- Worcester
- Framingham
- Salem
- New Bedford
- Springfield
- Falmouth
EcoWatch
1. Boston
Boston is ranked first in Massachusetts and 20th in the nation for total installed solar PV capacity, according to Environment America's latest Shining Cities report. The city boasts over 340 MW in rooftop solar potential on small buildings and 55.51 MW per person of currently installed solar PV. It is estimated that a Bostonian who installs rooftop solar panels stands to realize $30,000 in savings on their electricity over the course of 20 years.
2. Lowell
Lowell comes in second in the state. The city actively encourages its residents, businesses and institutions to adopt solar energy and aggressively seeks to educate stakeholders in Lowell about how solar can positively impact the community and increase the standard of living. Plus, Lowell has allowed for solar to be permitted anywhere and made extensive changes in zoning.
3. Cambridge
Home of some of the world's leading academic institutions, think tanks and the like, there is little surprise that Cambridge checks in at No. 3 on our list of top cities for solar in Massachusetts. The city engages in climate-change planning and has myriad energy-efficiency and renewable-energy programs, consistently seeking to help residents and small businesses reduce energy consumption while investing in renewable energy technology. The city is committed to achieving net-zero building emissions by 2050.
4. Lawrence
Located on the Merrimack River, Lawrence has a population of about 80,000 and has been known as an industrial center since the 19th century. However, the city has gone through a substantial shift in recent years, seeking to transition from old forms of energy to innovative renewables. Lawrence has transitioned some of its major departments and schools to solar and aggressively promotes state tax incentive programs and rebates to area residents.
5. Worcester
Another city committed to enabling a greener future for its residents, Worcester recently converted an area landfill into a solar farm that covers 52 acres of land. It is recognized as the largest solar array in New England with the ability to produce enough energy to power over 1,300 homes annually.
6. Framingham
Here is a city that has embraced solar since 2004, when it built the first fully registered photovoltaic solar energy system. Since then, the city has continued to promote the adoption of solar energy, which has resulted in the installation of solar panels on hundreds of area homes as well as businesses. Framingham is a city that is truly dedicated to realizing a green future.
7. Salem
Another top city for solar in Massachusetts, Salem encourages education on solar as well as other forms of renewable energy. In 2016, the city resolved to implement 100% renewable energy by 2050 and is actively driving to achieve that goal, partly through the installation of solar PV systems.
8. New Bedford
The average homeowner in New Bedford can reap $31,000 in savings over the course of 20 years if they implement solar, so there is little wonder as to why this city is in the top 10 in Massachusetts. In fact, it has been recognized as a leading renewable community according to Environment Massachusetts and is also another municipality that is working toward achieving 100% clean energy adoption.
9. Springfield
Home to a number of solar energy equipment companies and suppliers, Springfield is one of multiple communities across Massachusetts that hosts a solar plant that is owned and operated by Eversource. In Springfield, solar is easy to access and it's affordable, which only encourages residents to transition to this type of energy.
10. Falmouth
Falmouth is our final top city for solar in Massachusetts. It has robust renewable energy programs, and its residents are focused on making their Cape Cod community one of the leaders for renewables not only in the state, but also in the country. Additionally, Falmouth has an energy-saving program to help families in need make the switch to solar.
Where Does Solar Make the Most Sense?
It is true that solar panels tend to work best in places where there is abundant sunshine year-round, which could cast some doubt on the effectiveness of solar in Massachusetts, a state known for its long winters. However, this is a misconception, as Massachusetts is an excellent location for solar systems.
Firstly, solar panels work well in cold, winter weather and actually tend to be more efficient in colder temperatures. This, then, makes natural sense in Massachusetts. Additionally, solar is a wise choice in this state because the cost of electricity is high.
Average Massachusetts Electricity Costs
Based on a report compiled by EIA, the average monthly electric bill for a Massachusetts home is $125.89, with average monthly consumption clocking in at 574 kWh. Even though Massachusetts is the most populous state in the New England region, the state isn't the biggest spender when it comes to a monthly electric bill. In fact, Massachusetts trails just behind Connecticut in the No. 2 spot. However, the average price in cents per kWh is 21.92, making Massachusetts the costliest overall.
In places with high energy costs, homeowners can save even more money and recoup their initial investments faster. On the other hand, if electrical costs are low or moderate, an investment in solar energy isn't as significant.
Massachusetts Solar Tax Incentives
Another important thing to consider when contemplating solar in Massachusetts is the state's tax incentives. Massachusetts homeowners can take advantage of the following programs when they adopt solar energy:
| Incentive Type | Details |
|---|---|
| Massachusetts Personal Income Tax Credit | Homeowners can receive a credit equaling $1,000 or 15% of project costs that qualify — whichever is less. |
| Solar Massachusetts Renewable Target (SMART) Program | This incentive is paid to residential solar system owners on behalf of Massachusetts-based investor-owned electric utilities. Participants will receive incentive payments via check or electronic payment on a monthly basis and can be enrolled in the program for 10 years. |
|
Solarize Mass
|
This is a group solar buying program that offers discounts to residents who are located in participating communities. |
| Municipal Light Plant Solar Rebate Program | This program offers a rebate for solar photovoltaic system installation of 25 kW or less. It is available in certain Municipal Light Plant service territories. |
Massachusetts also has a statewide net metering program, which enables customers to receive credits on their utility bill for excess solar power generation in any month. Utility credits can be cashed in for electricity when your system is not generating power, such as at night. Net metering credit values depend on varied factors, including the size of your system. Residents are encouraged to learn more in order to find out if they qualify.
Federal Solar Tax Credits
Residents of Massachusetts can combine the above incentives with the federal solar tax credit to save even more on the cost of solar panels. The federal investment tax credit (ITC) is one of the key incentives for solar energy adoption in the U.S. Currently, the ITC allows American homeowners to receive a tax credit equal to 26% of the total price of their system installation and materials.
Massachusetts Solar Regulations
In 2020, Massachusetts filed emergency regulations pertaining to its SMART program. New rules were established that changed the criteria for land use and project siting. The state is ultimately seeking to move away from using greenfield sites or ecologically valuable areas for solar, instead focusing on properties where development is already underway.
The regulations also doubled the size of the program related to new solar generating capacity. This will ensure land is used properly as solar expands within the property development industry and becomes more popular among landowners.
Final Thoughts: Top Cities for Solar in Massachusetts
It's clear to see that Massachusetts is taking leaps toward becoming more renewable-friendly, which has earned it a position as one of the top states for solar energy in the U.S., but there's always room for improvement.
If your city didn't make our top list of the top cities for solar in Massachusetts, there are a few ways to raise your area's solar profile. These include:
- Contacting your elected officials to lobby for stricter renewable energy goals
- Installing a solar PV system on your own roof
- Educating your neighbors about the benefits of solar energy
By doing these things, you can impact the future of renewable energy in Massachusetts.