‘Poisoning the Well’ Authors Sharon Udasin and Rachel Frazin on PFAS Contamination and Why It ‘Has Not Received the Attention It Deserves’

In the introduction to Sharon Udasin and Rachel Frazin’s new book, Poisoning The Well: How Forever Chemicals Contaminated America, the authors cite an alarming statistic from 2015 that PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are present in the bodies of an estimated 97% of Americans. How did we ever get to this point? Their book is an attempt to explain that history, and to highlight those resisting the seeming inevitability of PFAS. 

“I think we have the corporate cover-up and awareness on both the corporations’ and government’s part for decades upon decades,” said Udasin. “But we also see the power of regular people to effect change, to really bring about what politicians are not necessarily willing to do.”

The book tells stories of people deeply affected by ingesting PFAS, and the saga of how companies have been able to continue to churn out hundreds of different chemicals under the banner of PFAS, despite the risks and harms to human health. It is estimated that there may be at least 15,000 types of PFAS. 

View this post on Instagram

A post shared by RachelFrazin (@rachelfrazin)

“These products are useful — waterproof stuff is nice to have, and there are other uses like medical and military uses that are very important,” said Frazin. “You know, preventing jet fuel fires is essential. But the price that we pay for all of that is the contamination in these communities.”

Udasin and Frazin, both reporters for The Hill, fanned out into four communities in the U.S. – in Alabama, Colorado, Maine and North Carolina. In Alabama, they found people ingesting industrial PFAS emanating from the very locations that employed them. In Maine, PFAS-contaminated sludge was spread over farmland. 

“Colorado is a story of military contamination, in which area installations released PFAS-laden firefighting foam into the environment, enabling the chemicals to make their way into groundwater and then in the faucets of unsuspecting residents,” said Udasin. 

In Alabama, Udasin said, “The death was so visible.” A key figure in the book is Brenda Hampton, an Alabama native who developed life-threatening illnesses that doctors suspected could be linked to toxic chemical exposure. “Brenda’s ‘death tour’ through the tiny twin towns of Courtland and North Courtland was particularly striking to me, because the extent of the damage was visible in such a compact space,” Udasin said.

New book spotlights ‘forever chemicals’ in North Alabama: ‘I know I’m facing death.’ www.al.com/news/huntsvi…

[image or embed]

— Sharon Udasin (@sharonudasin.bsky.social) April 10, 2025 at 4:31 PM

Udasin’s reporting also helped reveal the ugly underside to rural areas of New England. 

“Seeing the livelihoods of farmers ripped apart in the deceptively beautiful landscape of South and Central Maine allowed me to connect with both the people and natural beauty of that place — a place teeming with chemical contamination beneath its historic New England charm,” she said.

Alongside local reporting, the authors pored through documents looking for what Frazin called “needles in the haystack,” to unearth moments when companies – or the government – were aware of the potential toxic effects of PFAS but debated how to release that information. 

“I believe we did have some original finds, including a document I dug up at the National Archives,” Frazin said, “where a doctor told the FDA that one of his patients who worked with Teflon was experiencing ‘angina-like’ symptoms. This document says the patient’s foreman told him the symptoms were caused by Teflon and that they all know about it.

“The corporations definitely had evidence of the adverse health impacts and ubiquity of PFAS for decades and still manufactured and sold PFAS-containing products,” she added. 

Finds like these are highlighted throughout the book and tell the long and complicated story of the expansion of these “forever chemicals” into the world. The stories of death and illness are heartbreaking. But what Udasin and Frazin also discovered was that the crusade to break the hold of PFAS has become an ad-hoc national movement. 

“I do think it’s become a grassroots national movement,” Udasin said, “because even all these local activists, they all know each other now, and they have created the National PFAS Coalition. 

“When Brenda had her latest health incident, they were all from different sides of the country, getting together to check on her because they have created a national activist movement.”

Drinking water standards vary widely from state-to-state, which “creates an environmental justice issue, in which certain communities are less protected than others, through no fault of their own,” Udasin noted.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has currently issued PFAS drinking water regulations. Frazin said that “this rule is a massive deal that is likely to lead many communities to filter out PFAS from their drinking water. It would not be subject to enforcement yet because the rule first required water utilities to test for PFAS and then to install filters if it found levels of one of a few PFAS above a certain threshold.” 

On top of this, Frazin noted that the Trump administration has reduced the types of PFAS that will be covered by this rule and that implementation will be delayed until 2031. Which, as Udasin noted, puts the onus more on states, “given the Trump administration’s decision to rescind and reconsider existing rules on drinking water standards.”

When it comes to the regulation of “forever chemicals,” it’s “just a big unanswered question whether this administration and this EPA is going to be serious about enforcing anything,” a former EPA official told ProPublica.

[image or embed]

— ProPublica (@propublica.org) July 8, 2025 at 11:01 AM

But the movement to improve drinking water standards — and decrease threats to human health — persists. 

“I think that what I see is maybe the biggest difference between this movement and some of the other historical examples like movements on climate change or tobacco,” said Frazin, “is the media attention and the level of awareness. And so that’s what we’re trying to do – we’re trying to bring that attention to this issue. This issue has not received the attention it deserves.” 

And Udasin noted that science might one day break the “unbreakable” chemical bonds that make up PFAS and perhaps reduce their toxic impact. 

“I have a lot of hope in the science and technology that are actually currently being developed,” she said. “There are these brilliant scientists all over the world right now who in their laboratories are actually breaking apart the PFAS. A few of them are starting to be at commercial scale, or at least pilot-level commercial scale. So that gives me some hope that at least there may be a solution to getting rid of these at some point. And it’s not in the too-distant future.”