High Levels of Fiberglass Detected in Oysters and Mussels

A team of researchers has revealed alarming amounts of fiberglass particles in marine bivalves found off the coasts of southern England. According to the researchers, this is the first study to determine that fiberglass, or glass-reinforced plastic (GRP), particles can make their way into human food sources.

Researchers from the University of Brighton, the University of Portsmouth and the University of Southampton, as well as the research company AQASS Limited, collected mussels and oysters from Chichester Harbour in southern England from December 2018 to May 2019.

To analyze the samples, the researchers used a process known as micro Raman spectroscopy. The results, published in Journal of Hazardous Materials, revealed that small fiberglass particles had made their way into the soft tissue of the bivalves.

“Our findings show a disturbing level of GRP contamination in marine life,” Corina Ciocan, first author of the study and a marine biology lecturer at the University of Brighton, said in a statement. “This study is the first of its kind to document such extensive contamination in natural bivalve populations. It’s a stark reminder of the hidden dangers in our environment.” 

The team found as many as 11,220 fiberglass particles per kilogram in oysters and 2,740 particles per kilogram in mussels, with higher amounts detected in the winter. Bivalves, which are filter-feeders, can take in these particles when feeding. As Ocean Conservancy explained, bivalves and other filter-feeders get their food by taking up small particles from water as it passes over or through the animals.

According to the study, many boats are docked and undergo maintenance in winter, and boats are frequently made with fiberglass. Fiberglass is a popular material for boat construction because of its strength and durability, but it can shed tiny particles into the water. As Food & Wine reported, nearly 80% of boat hulls shorter than 65 feet are made with fiberglass. Further, the authors wrote in the study that fiberglass is often coated with polymeric paint, which can contribute to microplastic pollution.

But other sources, such as on-shore trash burning and waste dumping into waterways, may also contribute to fiberglass and microplastic pollution.

Following the findings of GRP particles in bivalves, the researchers raised concerns over the potential health impacts on wildlife and humans. On bivalves, the team warned that these particles could impact digestion and physiological processes, leading to an overall decline in health.

“We must improve public access to slipways and commercial boat maintenance facilities,” Ciocan said. “Creating a better ethos around end-of-life boat management is crucial to minimize further exposure and spread of these contaminants.”