15 Most Ridiculous Things Media Figures Said About Climate in 2016
By Kevin Kalhoefer and Andrew Seifter
Donald Trump and the presidential election dominated news coverage in 2016. But talking heads still found plenty of time to make jaw-dropping comments about climate change, energy and the environment. This year's list of ridiculous claims includes a dangerous conspiracy theory about Hurricane Matthew, over-the-top worship of fracking and coal and absurd victim-blaming around the Flint water crisis.
Here is our list of the 15 most ridiculous things that media figures said about climate, energy and environmental issues in 2016:
1. Rush Limbaugh and Matt Drudge Peddled a Reckless Conspiracy Theory Downplaying the Threat from Hurricane Matthew
Shortly before Hurricane Matthew made landfall in the U.S., Rush Limbaugh and Matt Drudge concocted a conspiracy theory that the federal government was overstating the hurricane's severity in order to manufacture concern about climate change. On The Rush Limbaugh Show, Limbaugh accused the National Hurricane Center of "playing games" with hurricane forecasting and added, "It's in the interest of the left to have destructive hurricanes because then they can blame it on climate change, which they can desperately continue trying to sell."
Limbaugh doubled down on this theory the next day, telling his audience, "There's politics in the forecasting of hurricanes because there are votes."
Drudge, the curator of the widely read Drudge Report website, promoted the conspiracy as well, suggesting that federal officials were exaggerating the danger posed by Hurricane Matthew "to make [an] exaggerated point on climate."
Drudge also used his website to persuade Southeast residents not to take the storm seriously, with a banner "STORM FIZZLE? MATTHEW LOOKS RAGGED!" and additional headlines "IT'S A 4?" and "RESIDENTS NOT TAKING SERIOUSLY...".
Climate scientist Michael Mann explained that people "could die because of the misinformation that folks like Rush Limbaugh and Matt Drudge are putting out there," and two actual hurricane experts provided a point-by-point rebuttal of Drudge's claims. But that did nothing to dissuade Drudge, who refused to give up on the conspiracy theory.
2. Fox News Blamed the Flint Water Crisis on Climate Change Policies, "PC Stuff," and Even Flint Residents Themselves
National media outlets largely ignored the water crisis in Flint, Michigan, as it unfolded over almost two years, but when the story did finally make national headlines, Fox News pundits were quick to pin the blame on anyone and anything other than the Republican governor of Michigan.
On Fox & Friends, host Heather Nauert and guest Mark Aesch suggested that "misplaced priorities," including climate change and "PC stuff," allowed the water crisis to happen:
And on The Kelly File, Fox News digital politics editor Chris Stirewalt placed blame on Flint residents themselves, saying that the "people of Flint should have been protesting in the streets" after noticing that their water was poisoned. Stirewalt also blamed Flint parents for giving their children contaminated water, declaring: "If you were pouring water into a cup for your child and it stunk and it smelled like sulfur and it was rotten, would you give that to your child? No, you'd revolt, you'd march in the street." In addition to being offensive, Stirewalt's comments were premised on a falsehood; Flint residents did in fact repeatedly protest throughout the year to demand safe drinking water for their families.
3. CNN's Alisyn Camerota Claimed Trump EPA Nominee Scott Pruitt "Hasn't Denied Global Warming"
Oklahoma Attorney General Scott Pruitt, President-elect Donald Trump's choice to head the Environmental Protection Agency, is a climate science denier who has refused to accept the clear consensus of the scientific community that human activities such as burning fossil fuels are primarily responsible for global warming. Yet according to CNN New Day anchor Alisyn Camerota, Pruitt simply "sees nuance" and "hasn't denied global warming." Camerota falsely claimed that Pruitt only disputes climate "predictions" and "forecasts," when in fact he has also denied that global warming is human-caused and even Camerota's premise that climate models are unreliable is incorrect. As Camerota wrongly absolved Pruitt of climate denial, CNN's on-screen text read: "Climate Change Denier Scott Pruitt To Lead EPA." Co-anchor Chris Cuomo also pushed back on Camerota, stating that Pruitt "says it's 'far from settled.' That means he's not accepting the science."
Camerota badly butchered climate science, but it's noteworthy she was even discussing the issue given CNN's spotty track record. In April, a Media Matters analysis found that CNN aired almost five times as much oil industry advertising as climate change-related coverage in the one-week periods following the announcements that 2015 was the hottest year on record and February 2016 was the most abnormally hot month on record. And in one segment later in the year where CNN did cover climate change, CNN Newsroom host Carol Costello speculated, "Are we just talking about this and people's eyes are glazing over?"
4. MSNBC's Mike Barnicle: ExxonMobil CEO Rex Tillerson "Is a Huge Green Guy"
Trump's nominee for secretary of state, Rex Tillerson, is the chairman and CEO of ExxonMobil, one of the world's largest oil companies. Exxon is currently under investigation in several states for possibly violating state laws by deceiving shareholders and the public about climate change, while Tillerson himself has misinformed about climate science and mocked renewable energy. Yet according to Mike Barnicle, a regular on MSNBC's Morning Joe, "Rex Tillerson is a huge green guy." And alas, no, we don't think he was comparing Tillerson to the Jolly Green Giant or the Incredible Hulk.
5. Disregarding Everything Trump has Said and Done on the Subject, MSNBC's Joe Scarborough Claimed "I Just Know" Trump Believes in Climate Science. On Morning Joe, co-host Joe Scarborough defended Trump after it was announced he had selected Pruitt, a climate science denier, to lead the Environmental Protection Agency. Scarborough—who along with co-host Mika Brzezinski has repeatedly carried water for Trump—insisted, "I just know" that Trump "has to believe" in climate science.
Scarborough's comments followed a wave of TV coverage about how Trump had supposedly "reversed course" on climate change, which was based on a New York Times interview in which Trump said he has an "open mind" about the Paris climate agreement and that "there is some connectivity" between human activities and climate change. But few of these reports addressed any of the substantive reasons that such a reversal was highly unlikely, such as his transition team's plan to abandon the Obama administration's landmark climate policy, indications that he will dismantle NASA's climate research program and his appointment of fossil fuel industry allies as transition team advisers—not to mention the full context of Trump's remarks to the Times.
6. Trump Adviser Stephen Moore: Being Against Fracking "Is Like Being Against A Cure For Cancer"
While discussing his new book Fueling Freedom: Exposing the Mad War on Energy on C-SPAN2's Book TV, conservative economist and Trump economic adviser Stephen Moore stated that opposing fracking "is like being against a cure for cancer" because it is "one of the great seismic technological breakthroughs" that is "giving us huge amounts of energy at very low prices." Never mind that many of the chemicals involved in fracking have actually been linked to cancer.
7. Stephen Moore: "We Have the Cleanest Coal in the World"
Moore's preposterous praise for fossil fuels wasn't just confined to fracking. On Fox Business' Varney & Co., he declared that the U.S. has "the cleanest coal in the world." That statement is quite difficult to square with the fact that "Coal combustion contributes to four of the top five leading causes of death in the U.S.—heart disease, cancer, stroke and chronic lower respiratory diseases—according to Physicians for Social Responsibility," as Climate Nexus has noted.
Pro-coal propaganda also found a home on Fox Business' sister network, Fox News, where The Five co-host Greg Gutfeld asserted that "coal is a moral substance. Where coal reaches, people live longer, happier lives."
8. Breitbart's James Delingpole: Climate Change is "The Greatest-Ever Conspiracy Against the Taxpayer." In an article promoting a speech he gave to the World Taxpayers' Associations in Berlin, Breitbart's James Delingpole wrote: "Climate change is the biggest scam in the history of the world—a $1.5 trillion-a-year conspiracy against the taxpayer, every cent, penny and centime of which ends in the pockets of the wrong kind of people." In the speech itself, Delingpole similarly claimed that "the global warming industry" is "a fraud; a sham; a conspiracy against the taxpayer."
Breitbart, which was until recent months run by Trump's chief White House strategist Stephen Bannon, has frequently denied climate change and viciously attacked climate scientists. Delingpole, in particular, has described climate scientists as "talentless lowlifes" and referred to climate advocates as "eco Nazis," "eco fascists," and "scum-sucking slime balls." Bannon has criticized Pope Francis for succumbing to "hysteria" about climate change; The Washington Post has written about how Bannon influenced Trump's views on the issue during his time at Breitbart.
9. Fox Report on Law Gas Prices: "Put The Tesla in The Garage and Break out the Hummer." Just 10 days after Trump was elected president, Fox News began giving him credit for low gas prices, the latest proof of the network's blatant double standard when it comes to covering gas prices under Republican and Democratic presidents. But simply shilling for Trump was apparently not enough for Fox Business reporter Jeff Flock, who provided the slanted gas prices report on Fox News' America's News Headquarters. At the conclusion of the report, Flock also displayed a brazen lack of concern about climate change, declaring: "I would say put the Tesla in the garage and break out the Hummer."
10. Wall Street Journal's Mary Kissel Instructed Viewers To "Trust" a Climate Science-Denying Fossil Fuel Front Group
In a video interview posted on The Wall Street Journal's website, the Wall Street Journal editorial board member Mary Kissel instructed viewers who are "confused about the science surrounding climate change" to "trust" Rod Nichols, chairman of a climate science-denying fossil fuel front group known as the CO2 Coalition. During the interview, Nichols denied that human activities such as burning oil and coal are responsible for recent global warming, claiming that "climate change has been going on for hundreds of millions of years," "there is not going to be any catastrophic climate change" and "CO2 will be good for the world." Kissel asked Nichols, "Why don't we hear more viewpoints like the ones that your coalition represents," and concluded that the CO2 Coalition's research papers are "terrific."
The Wall Street Journal has made a habit of "trusting" climate science deniers like Nichols—or at least repeating their false claims about climate science. A recent Media Matters analysis of climate-related opinion pieces found that the Wall Street Journal far outpaced other major newspapers in climate science misinformation, publishing 31 opinion pieces that featured climate denial or other scientifically inaccurate claims about climate change over a year-and-a-half period.
11. Fox Host Clayton Morris: Rubio's Climate Science Denial at Presidential Debate was an "Articulate Moment"
During a Fox News discussion of Florida Sen. Marco Rubio's performance at a CNN presidential debate, Fox and Friends co-host Clayton Morris described Rubio's claim that the climate is "always" changing—a common talking point among climate science deniers—as "a really articulate moment."
While Morris' endorsement of Rubio's climate denial as "articulate" is particularly striking, a 2015 Media Mattersanalysis found that media frequently failed to fact-check GOP presidential candidates' climate change denial.
12. Fox Hosts Mocked Leonardo DiCaprio's Oscar Speech on Climate Change: "Focus on Something Else Other Than The Weather"
When actor Leonardo DiCaprio took home the Oscar for best actor for his role in The Revenant, the hosts of Fox News' The Five and Fox and Friends mocked DiCaprio for devoting much of his acceptance speech to making the case for climate change action. On The Five, co-host Jesse Watters declared, "So the guy finally gets an Academy Award and he's talking about the weather. What's going on here?" Co-host Eric Bolling helpfully added, "Focus on something else other than the weather."
That wasn't the only time in 2016 that DiCaprio was caught in Fox News' crosshairs for having the nerve to talk about climate change. Later in the year, The Five aired footage from an event in which President Obama criticized congressional climate deniers and DiCaprio said, "The scientific consensus is in and the argument is now over. If you do not believe in climate change, you do not believe in facts or in science or empirical truths and therefore in my humble opinion should not be allowed to hold public office." The Five co-host Greg Gutfeld then responded by likening criticism of climate science deniers to religious extremism, saying: "You have to wonder about a belief system that doesn't want any challenges, that doesn't want any of their theories to be questioned. This—what he is talking about is radical Islam of science. He is actually turning science into a religion."
13. Fox's Meghan McCain: "The Liberal Hysteria Over Climate Change was so Overblown That Now People Have a Hard Time Even Believing It"
Rather than criticize conservatives or Republicans who frequently deny climate science, Fox News host Meghan Mccain blamed liberals for public confusion about climate change, declaring on Fox News' Outnumbered that "the liberal hysteria over climate change was so overblown that now people have a hard time even believing it and believing that it's something that's justified." McCain, who also mocked Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton for campaigning on the issue with Al Gore, added, "I do think there are signs we should look at, but if Al Gore, if you take his word for it, there's a big flood that's going to come in and wipe us all away in five minutes."
McCain is the daughter of Sen. John McCain (R-AZ), who notoriously flip-flopped on climate change legislation in 2009, undercutting congressional efforts to address the issue.
14. Fox's Steve Doocy: Obama's Monument Designation was Done to "Appease Environmental Terrorists"
On Fox & Friends, co-host Steve Doocy declared that President Obama's designation of the first marine monument in the Atlantic Ocean was "done to appease environmental terrorists." Not so shockingly, Doocy and his co-hosts did not comment when their guest, Deadliest Catch's Keith Colburn, acknowledged that "increased water temperatures" from climate change are impacting fisheries across the U.S.
15. Fox Hosts Flipped out About Portland Public Schools Decision to Stop Teaching Climate Denial to Children
In May, the Portland Public Schools board unanimously approved a resolution "aimed at eliminating doubt of climate change and its causes in schools." But while climate science denial may no longer be taught in Portland public schools, it still has a place on Fox News, as the hosts of Outnumbered demonstrated in their flippant response to the resolution.
Co-host Lisa Kennedy Montgomery said the Portland schools decision is "so anti-scientific," adding, "There are still scientists, believe it or not, out there who say, 'No, we still have to look at the data.' And it's impossible to predict how the climate is going to change over hundreds or thousands of years." Co-host Jesse Waters remarked, "So getting out of the ice age, how did the Earth warm up after the ice age? There were no humans there with cars and factories." He also stated, "It gets hot, it gets cold, this spring has been freezing. It's not getting warmer, it seems like it's getting colder. Am I wrong?"
But Fox News pundits aren't just defenders of teaching climate science denial; they're also partially to blame for it, according to researchers at Southern Methodist University (SMU). Last year, the SMU researchers released a study that found some children's textbooks that depict the reality of human-caused climate change with uncertainty are influenced by a climate science knowledge gap that finds its roots partly in conservative media misinformation. In particular, the SMU researchers pointed to previous research that showed Fox has disproportionately interviewed climate science deniers and that its viewers are more likely to be climate science deniers themselves.
Reposted with permission from our media associate Media Matters for America.
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Residents get in a car after leaving their homes to move to evacuation centers in central Vietnam's Quang Nam province on Oct. 27, 2020, ahead of Typhoon Molave's expected landfall. MANAN VATSYAYANA / AFP via Getty Images
Typhoon Molave is expected to make landfall in Vietnam on Wednesday with 90 mph winds and heavy rainfall that could lead to flooding and landslides, according to the U.S. Embassy and U.S. Consulate in Ho Chi Minh City. To prepare for the powerful storm that already tore through the Philippines, Vietnam is making plans to evacuate nearly 1.3 million people along the central coast, as Reuters reported.
<p>On Tuesday, hundreds of flights were grounded, and schools were closed as Molave churned over the South China Sea. When Molave hits Vietnam on Wednesday, it will be the fourth storm to strike the central region in October. Those successive storms have caused floods and landslides that killed 130 people. Many are still missing, according to the <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/world/asia/vietnam-braces-for-typhoon-molave-20201027-p5695g.html" target="_blank">Sydney Morning Herald</a>.</p><p>"This is a very strong typhoon that will impact a large area," said Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc, as Reuters reported.</p><p>Molave is moving over a part of the South China Sea with warm waters, which creates favorable conditions for the storm to strengthen, according to <a href="https://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/more-than-1-million-vietnam-residents-to-evacuate-ahead-of-typhoon-molave/837600" target="_blank">AccuWeather</a>.</p><p>Vietnam has a long coastline, which makes it particularly vulnerable to storms and coastal flooding. Phuc ordered boats to be brought ashore and for security forces to ready themselves for humanitarian efforts.</p><p>"Troops must deploy full force to support people, including mobilizing helicopters, tanks and other means of transportation if needed," he said in a statement, according to Reuters.</p>
<p>The storm is expected to move over Vietnam quickly and weaken as it moves inland, but its heavy rainfall will likely trigger widespread flooding and weaken mountain slopes, which increases the risk for mudslides. AccuWeather predicts up to 16 inches of rain in areas of the country that have already experienced extreme rainfall and flooding since Oct. 11.</p><p>"We must keep our guard up to protect the lives of the people. That is the utmost important task to get people to safe places," Phuc was quoted as saying in a meeting with disaster response officials, as the <a href="https://apnews.com/article/international-news-typhoons-floods-philippines-vietnam-f9e9129e2bfd53cbae8f16adce1c0d00" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">AP</a> reported.</p><p>People in low-lying areas, who are vulnerable to the winds and coastal flooding, will head for shelter inland, according to the AP.</p><p>Typhoon Molave blew away from the Philippines on Monday, leaving flooding and a trail of destruction in its wake. There are 13 people missing in the Philippines, including a dozen fishermen who sailed out to sea over the weekend in violation of a no-sail order, according to the <a href="https://apnews.com/article/typhoons-south-china-sea-floods-philippines-manila-a0debd28194861b71af0a6cbd6515aab" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">AP</a>.</p><p>The storm, which traveled south of Manila, displaced at least 25,000 villagers. Its heavy rains swamped farming villages and the winds downed trees and power lines, according to Humerlito Dolor, governor of an affected province, as Deutsche Welle reported.</p><p>"Villagers are now asking to be rescued because of the sudden wind which blew away roofs," he said, as Deutsche Welle reported.</p>
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Chipotle's "Real Foodprint" will tell you the ecological footprint of each menu item compared to the industry standard. Joe Raedle / Getty Images
How does your burrito impact the environment? If you ordered it from Chipotle, there is now a way to find out.
<p>The chain on Monday launched a first-of-its kind <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/tag/sustainability" target="_self">sustainability</a> tool called the <a href="https://realfoodprint.chipotle.com/" target="_blank">Real Foodprint</a>, which allows customers to see how each of its 53 intentionally sourced ingredients compares to the industry average when it comes to key environmental metrics like <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/tag/carbon-emissions" target="_self">carbon emissions</a> and <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/tag/water" target="_self">water</a> use.</p><p>"Just by eating real, responsibly raised <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/food/" target="_self">food</a>, you can do a little something to help cultivate a better world," Bill Nye of Science Guy fame said in a video promoting the feature.</p>
<span style="display:block;position:relative;padding-top:56.25%;" class="rm-shortcode" data-rm-shortcode-id="edb1a1f60298c73efc6d7f5193a64a50"><iframe lazy-loadable="true" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/fqWINfwdP_A?rel=0" width="100%" height="auto" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;"></iframe></span>
<p>The Real Foodprint works like this, as <a href="https://retailleader.com/chipotle-sets-higher-bar-sustainability" target="_blank">Retail Leader explained</a>. When you place an order on the Chipotle app or on the website, the tracker will show you the environmental impact of each ingredient you select compared to the conventional equivalent. The ingredients are assessed according to five metrics:</p><ol><li>Less carbon emitted (measured in grams)</li><li>Water saved (in gallons)</li><li>Improved <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/tag/soil-health" target="_self">soil health</a> (in square feet)</li><li>Organic land supported (in square feet)</li><li>Antibiotics avoided (in milligrams)</li></ol><p>So, for example, Nye's chicken bowl emits 0.8 fewer grams of carbon dioxide, saves 0.4 gallons of water, supports 1.7 square feet of improved soil health, supports 0.9 square feet of organic land and avoids 42.3 milligrams of antibiotics compared to a similar order made with conventional ingredients.</p>
<div id="e2a10" class="rm-shortcode" data-rm-shortcode-id="ba6130b414a0ff5ec3fbe005c4232d31"><blockquote class="twitter-tweet twitter-custom-tweet" data-twitter-tweet-id="1320698022594920453" data-partner="rebelmouse"><div style="margin:1em 0">*wheels tv into classroom*
@BillNye wants to show you how Chipotle ingredients can help reduce the impact on the… https://t.co/Ddedz1FdeO</div> — Chi-vote-le (@Chi-vote-le)<a href="https://twitter.com/ChipotleTweets/statuses/1320698022594920453">1603713920.0</a></blockquote></div>
<p>The data points are provided by HowGood, an independent research company that draws on more than 450 peer-reviewed and scientific studies to compare Chipotle's ingredients to conventional options, the website explained. Chipotle is the first restaurant to partner with HowGood, the company said in a <a href="https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/chipotle-launches-real-foodprint-introduces-sustainability-impact-trackers-for-digital-orders-301159499.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">press release</a>. The data points will be updated on a regular basis, so customers can see if Chipotle's environmental impact lessens or increases over time, <a href="https://www.fastcompany.com/90567802/is-your-burrito-bad-for-the-environment-chipotle-has-a-tool-for-that" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Fast Company reported</a>.</p><p>"Beyond asking people to make the right choice for the <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/climate-change/" target="_self">climate</a> based on a carbon label, we are demonstrating the impact of our sourcing practices through data computed based on the ingredients in our guests' orders," Chipotle's head of sustainability Caitlin Leibert said in the press release. "While our guests can make good choices for the planet by simply eating at Chipotle, the radical transparency provided by Real Foodprint also holds us accountable to improve our practices and source more sustainably over time. It is the combination of transparency for our guests and Chipotle's commitment to higher standards that make Real Foodprint so impactful."</p>
<p>Other restaurant brands have taken steps to provide environmental information to their customers, Fast Company pointed out. Meat alternative brand Quorn prints the carbon footprint of its products next to the nutrition label. And, two weeks ago, Panera started pointing out the "Cool Food Meals" on its menu, meals that have a lower carbon footprint. But Chipotle's Foodprint is the most specific and detailed Fast Company has encountered, writer Mark Wilson pointed out.</p><p>"You can literally measure the impact of adding pinto beans or a scoop of pico de gallo," Wilson wrote. "(Btw, order those beans! They capture carbon and fertilize soil with nitrogen naturally!)"</p><p>One downside to the Chipotle tool is the fact that it compares its own ingredients specifically to the industry standard, Wilson noted. This means that it tells you that choosing Chipotle-sourced steak saves 150 milligrams of antibiotics, while choosing tofu saves none, because conventional tofu requires none. The impact of the beef is compared to the industry standard for beef, but does not account for the huge environmental difference between choosing meat and choosing <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/tag/vegetarian" target="_self">vegetarian</a> options.</p><p>Chipotle chief marketing officer Chris Brandt said this was done to avoid passing a value judgement on individual foods.</p><p>"There's a lot of other metrics that say meat is bad, vegetarian is good. If you wanna live your life that way that's great ... everything is relevant to an industry average rather than a value judgment as to whether you eat meat or not," Brandt said.</p>
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<h2>ProVen Review: Overview of NutraVesta's Supplement</h2><p>ProVen is an organic, effective dietary weight loss supplement that targets stubborn fats. It also aids in increasing energy levels and many other associated benefits. </p><p>Your calorie consumption is highly reduced, plus your hormone levels are elevated. As a result, you can achieve your body goal in no time.</p><p>Alongside speeding up weight loss and improving metabolism, this advanced formula also works toward ensuring your body organs will function smoothly. It rinses out all harmful toxins, therefore removing stored fats and avoiding the occurrence of obesity or overweight. </p><p>Don't worry about the possible side effects. There is no such thing that exists with ProVen supplement. Each capsule has undergone strict quality production standards. It is made in the USA, manufactured in an FDA-approved facility. </p><h3>ProVen Creator</h3><p>ProVen is a supplement offered by NutraVesta. It was initially introduced to the world through a widely shared video online. </p><p>The founder explained how obesity has had a massive impact on his wife's life, resulting in a lack of confidence, disappointment in not getting the desired result in spite of all the hard work, and defeat in thinking there's no left alternative. </p><p>This is where ProVen was born, introduced, and shared with thousands of people who have the same struggle.</p>
<h3>Pros & Cons</h3><p>ProVen is not only notorious for its all-natural ingredients. Expect heaps of benefits once you obtain some bottles of it.</p><p><em>Below is the list we have come so far:</em></p><p><strong>Pros:</strong></p><ul><li>100% all-natural formula </li><li>Made in the US </li><li>Made in an FDA & GMP certified facility</li><li>Free from antibiotics, sugar, gluten, and GMO </li><li>Boost the amount of nutrients in your body </li><li>A natural breakthrough </li><li>No adverse side effects </li><li>Convenient to use </li><li>Competitively priced </li><li>Backed up by thousands of satisfied users </li><li>60 days full money-back guarantee </li></ul><p><strong>Cons:</strong></p><ul><li>Available only <a href="https://supplementscoop.com/proven-eco" target="_blank"><strong>on the Official Website</strong></a></li><li>Results may require ample time to come to effect </li><li>Not recommended to take by all groups of people </li></ul>
<h2>Ingredients in ProVen</h2><p>Just because a product is advertised as 'natural' doesn't mean you should instantly take the bait. What does the label say about the amount of dosage per ingredient? </p><p>Fortunately for the ProVen supplement, each ingredient has a good history in the world of science. It makes the pills effective and trustworthy.</p><p><em>The following are the primary components present in the formula:</em></p><p><strong>Vitamin C & 20mg Vitamin E (30mg)</strong></p><p>Anyone can quickly get these vitamins from a variety of vegetables and fruits. In case you still lack enough amount, ProVen is here to fulfill the gap. Both Vitamins C & E have antioxidant components that cleanse out bad toxins from within. They also fortify bones and enrich overall health. </p><p><strong>Selenium (20mg)</strong> </p><p>It aids in nurturing the immune system and improving the health of your heart. This powerful antioxidant ingredient also improves metabolic function.</p><p><strong>Proprietary Blend (1512mg/serving) </strong></p><p><strong>Green Tea</strong> </p><p><a href="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/green-tea" target="_blank">Green tea</a> includes an immense array of antioxidants and nutrients that are important both for the health of your brain and heart. </p><p><strong>Turmeric</strong> </p><p>Thanks to turmeric's anti-inflammatory properties, those stubborn fats won't annoy you anymore. Also, it is acclaimed for its anti-aging effects.</p><p><strong>Garlic Bulb</strong></p><p>A superfood that's highly known for its ability to boost immune reaction. Thus, shielding your subtle body from potential illnesses and providing you adequate strength to combat an array of diseases and infections. </p><p><strong>Red Raspberry</strong> </p><p>Supports weight loss, especially when combined with other potent ingredients.</p><p><strong>Grapeseed</strong> </p><p>The unique properties of grapeseed aids in regulating the glucose levels in your body. It is important in reducing weight gain. </p><p><strong>Graviola Leaf</strong></p><p>It is a notable tree mainly found in Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America. Graviola leaf features antiviral, anti-inflammatory properties and antioxidants that help ease inflammation and balance blood sugar.</p><p><strong>Bioflavonoids</strong> </p><p>Another active ingredient in the supplement that regulates weight and improves health resistance. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4372466/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Bioflavonoids</a> are a great source of antioxidants. </p><p><strong>Beta-Glucan</strong> </p><p>It is a soluble fiber form that aims to boost cholesterol and heart health, aside from keeping your blood sugar levels in track. </p><p><strong>Essiac Tea Complex</strong> </p><p><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16226859/" target="_blank">Essiac tea</a> is rich in antioxidants that have been shown to help repair DNA and prevent cancer risks. </p><p><strong>Asian Mushroom Complex</strong> </p><p>It is a combination of 3 different mushrooms – shitake, reishi, and maitake. They work together to increase white blood cells' activity and production. Your immunity is seamlessly made robust. </p><p><strong>Cat's Claw</strong> </p><p><a href="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/cats-claw%23:~:text=Today%252C%2520cat's%2520claw%2520is%2520promoted,parasites%252C%2520and%2520leaky%2520bowel%2520syndrome." target="_blank">Cat's claw</a> is another essential ingredient that your immune system will surely appreciate. It has seen to aid obese patients and acts as a detoxifier. </p><p><strong>Arabinogalactan</strong> </p><p>It is a type of prebiotic that supports weight loss reduction – mainly targeting blood sugar levels. Your starvation, especially for unhealthy foods, will no longer harm your health.</p><p>Other ingredients you can find in the formula include lycopene, pine bark, <a href="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/asian-ginseng%23:~:text=Today%252C%2520Asian%2520ginseng%2520is%2520used,%252C%2520anxiety%252C%2520erectile%2520dysfunction%252C%2520and" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">ginseng</a>, olive leaf, pomegranate, and quercetin dihydrate. </p><p><strong><em>Click here to </em><a href="https://supplementscoop.com/proven-eco" target="_blank"><em>Learn more about the Ingredients in ProVen on the Official Website</em></a></strong><em><strong><u>.</u></strong></em></p>
<h2>How Does ProVen Work?</h2><p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4049314/" target="_blank">Ghrelin</a> is known as a hormone that alerts your brain whenever it needs proper feeding. But when it functions inappropriately, obesity is likely to arise. </p><p>That could be due to hormone-shifting chemicals in the food and air that triggers its strange working mechanism. Once concealed, you will never be fulfilled with hunger. </p><p>ProVen helps to adjust ghrelin production and detox the human body. The ingredients inside the bottle of ProVen are the core responsible for helping you attain a cola-like body and keep it healthy all-year-round. </p><p>It acts as an appetite suppressant, fat burner, and natural detoxifier. It combines fiber, antioxidants, minerals, vitamins, and adaptogens. When consumed according to the dosage, there will be an impressive increase in your energy while minimizing the risks of anxiety and depression. </p><p><em>Here's a look at what this product does for your body: </em></p><ol><li>Detoxify your body to eliminate impurities. This is done in the form of sweat and excretion. </li><li>Metabolism is an important area of weight loss. It converts any usable energy for helping you pep up the day. But if it is working slow, fats tend to store. The pill makes sure the metabolism process is done quickly, so those fats will be exchanged into energy. </li><li>You are now reaching a new fat loss milestone. Your body is fully detoxified, plus the metabolic process is back to its normal operation. In this manner, you can regain your lost confidence and fit into those old jeans again. Such a relief!</li></ol><p>Forget those people who mocked you for not reaching the level of 'beauty' they consider normal…or for just being fat. Those missed opportunities? You can get back to them with a more presentable appearance. Even when you're in the sixties, seventies, or eighties, this fantastic formula lets you experience what a real transformation is.</p><p>To Learn more about how ProVen works, <strong><a href="https://supplementscoop.com/proven-eco" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Click Here</a>.</strong></p>
<h2>Benefits of Using ProVen</h2><p>ProVen stands out among the competition due to its unique ability to improve blood circulation, supply your body with all the nutrients it needs for proper functioning, and detoxify your body. </p><p><em>Let's have a look the healthy benefits:</em></p><h3>Lose Weight Gradually Yet Naturally</h3><p>The product's main focus is to shed off those pounds that continuously affect your regular activities. The ingredients contained helps reduce fat buildup and production without obstructing your immune system or energy. </p><h3>Detoxify Body </h3><p>Most of the substances have antioxidant properties. They are highly beneficial in clearing out toxic elements of any sort and, therefore, detoxify your body. You'll feel more refreshed and energized.</p><h3>Improve Energy and Vitality </h3><p>Say goodbye to exhaustive days with ProVen supplement. Also, the ingredients have energizing effects to help you make each day very productive. </p><h3>Better Heart Health </h3><p>The antioxidants present in the capsules help maintain the overall health of your heart. It also works in boosting its well-being to prevent various illnesses from destroying your health.</p><p>Moreover, other achievable benefits upon taking it include reducing inflammation, maintaining triglycerides, blood pressure, and blood cholesterol, make your skin more radiant, younger, and smoother, and improve your mental health. </p><p>Your digestion is fully improved too. It will aid in accelerating digestion to burn down those calories in a more efficient manner. </p><p>Click here to <strong><a href="https://supplementscoop.com/proven-eco" target="_blank">Learn more about the Benefits of ProVen on the Official Site</a>.</strong></p>
<h2>Side Effects of ProVen</h2><p>Even a formula that is deemed natural and organic can still produce side effects by any means. Rare are those that can hit two birds with one stone, which means delivering effective results without any adverse effects. And, ProVen supplement is one of these rare products. </p><p>How did we say so? </p><h3>The Formula Is Comprised of Natural and Science-Backed Ingredients</h3><p>The manufacturer wants nothing but the best aid for people suffering from the tough battles of obesity and overweight. They have conducted in-depth research for each ingredient before compiling in one formula. </p><p>As per the claim of GetProven, the ingredients are added in the proper blends and amounts to ensure safe consumption. There was no animal testing done, plus the product doesn't contain additives or any other harmful substances. </p><h3>It Is the Finest Quality Produced and Shipped in the US</h3><p>The USA is known for its high-quality goods and items. So, you can trust most of the acquisitions carried out here, including ProVen. </p><p>Not to mention, the pills have been manufactured, implementing the best guidelines for quality maintenance and control. As for the hygiene aspect, the facility is cGMP certified. </p><h3>Lab Results </h3><p>Once you visit the website, you will instantly be directed to the video claiming test results that were performed on willing participants. First is his wife, who lost a hundred pounds. </p><p>Then, there's a Craigslist study where ninety-five percent of participants saw an incredible loss in weight during the first 2 weeks of the product's usage. </p><p>They also experienced a boost in energy after the initial use and an average fat loss of forty pounds within the trial's 4 weeks.</p>
<h2>Who Should Refrain from Using ProVen?</h2><p><em>Anyone, adult or older individuals, can benefit from using the product, excluding:</em></p><ul><li>Children or adolescents below eighteen years old </li><li>Nursing and pregnant women </li><li>People with an underlying medical condition </li><li>People with an allergy to any of the ingredients stated above.</li><li>People who are currently taking a medicine </li></ul><p>How would you know if ProVen is crafted for your weight loss needs by simply talking with your doctor or physician? Even a healthy person is sometimes restricted from taking a supplement, so your case might not be different.</p><h2>Dosage & Tips to Start</h2><p>One bottle of ProVen supplement contains 60 capsules. You have to take a daily dose two times a day. Since it's in a capsule form, integrating it into your routine is no hassle. Just take a glass of water to accompany the capsule. </p><p>Be sure not to overdose or go below the recommended dosage. And as what they always say, be consistent. That's very important. You can see significant changes within a few weeks or months. It takes time, yes, and that's normal for a natural formula. That's because your body might require more time to respond to the ingredients. </p><p>For quick, better results, adapt to nutritious eating habits and regular workouts. Although, it is not necessarily recommended when taking the pill. The choice is yours. </p><p>But if you find this claim a bit skeptical, you can practice healthy habits while taking the supplement. After all, it is intended to fill the gaps in your healthcare routine and not a complete substitute. </p><h2>Where to Buy ProVen and Guarantees? </h2>
<a href="https://supplementscoop.com/proven-eco" target="_blank"><img lazy-loadable="true" src="https://assets.rebelmouse.io/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpbWFnZSI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXNzZXRzLnJibC5tcy8yNDU5MjE5Mi9vcmlnaW4ucG5nIiwiZXhwaXJlc19hdCI6MTY2NTY5NzgxOH0.u7-JhGuqDpry54-8mdrSdiUPrSQrDEkWr7IIe2sftK0/img.png?width=980" id="c1066" class="rm-shortcode" data-rm-shortcode-id="6ba5988f3fab5981535831298b299445" data-rm-shortcode-name="rebelmouse-image" /></a>
<p>Consumers who are eager to buy ProVen are advised to get one or more bottles <a href="https://supplementscoop.com/proven-eco" target="_blank">from the Official Website</a>. You cannot find it anywhere else, even in your local store.</p><p>So, in case someone offered you the product, it could be a fake formula. This is where your consumer radar should be working. </p><p>The company offers three packages: a one-month package costs $67, a three-month package costs $57/bottle, and a 6-month package costs $47/bottle. Free shipping is included, except for the one-month package. As you know, the more bottles you buy, the higher deals you can get. </p><p>Reliable and fast shipments are also the concern of consumers. In that case, the company partners with some of the reputable carriage services; hence, expect your package to arrive within one to seven business days. </p><p>Good news! There is also global shipping. However, it takes a bit longer to arrive – around seven to fourteen business days.</p><p>If you think the supplement works oppositely, ProVen is backed by a 100% money-back guarantee. You can only take the offer within 60 days. Simply send an email or contact the team directly for further assistance regarding your right to the refund. </p>
<h2>ProVen Reviews: Closing Thoughts</h2><p>ProVen is a natural supplement that can improve weight loss goals. Although, it is also made to aid those who have a weak immune system and constantly fall sick and fatigue. </p><p>It is manufactured in an FDA-certified facility where a strict quality standard is highly implemented. Therefore, you have nothing to worry about since it is completely safe to digest by your stomach. </p><p>Don't let obesity or being overweight stop you from doing what you love. Neither deter you from turning those strangers into new best friends. </p><p>It is a potent and strong natural combat against stubborn fats and associated risks. Take advantage of the 60 days money-back guarantee and know if it will work for you!</p><p><strong><em>Click here to </em><a href="https://supplementscoop.com/proven-eco" target="_blank"><em>Get the Best Deal on NutraVesta ProVen from the Official Website</em></a></strong><em><strong>.</strong></em></p>
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Locals check out the new stretch of artificial beach in Manila Bay, Philippines on Sept, 19, 2020. patrickroque01 / Wikimedia Commons / CC by 4.0
By Sarah Steffen
A stretch of coastline in the Philippine capital, Manila has received backlash from environmentalists. The heavily polluted Manila Bay area, which had been slated for cleanup, has become the site of a controversial 500-meter (1,600-foot) stretch of white sand beach.
<p>The beach, however, is anything but clean, environmentalists say.</p><p>"It's an illusion," said Lia Mai Torres, executive director of the Center for Environmental Concerns Philippines. "Just because it's white it doesn't mean it's clean."</p><p>The white sand is actually crushed dolomite sourced from a mine in Cebu, in central Philippines.</p><p>Using sand made from dolomite rock in such a project is highly uncommon, experts say. The large majority of sand beaches worldwide are made up of quartz and feldspar, while dolomite sand is commonly used in road construction.</p><p>"I have never come across any beach nourishment with dolomite sand," said Arnaud Vander Velpen, who's the monitoring and innovation lead in UNEP/GRID-Geneva's Department on Sand Monitoring and Governance.</p>
Sand Makeup Crucial for Ecosystems
<p>While UNEP/GRID-Geneva generally supports finding <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/not-enough-sand-for-construction-industry-despite-abundance/a-49342942" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">alternative sources of sand</a> so as not to disrupt ecosystems in rivers and oceans when extracting them, Vander Velpen stressed it was vital to use sand which closely matches the makeup of the native sand to protect beach fauna.</p><p>"If you change the core characteristics of the native sand, the original sand, you need to do an environmental impact assessment (EIA) to find out how it's going to impact the ecosystem and nearby ecosystems," he told DW.</p><p>But according to Torres, such an assessment was not done in Manila.</p>Beautification Stunt Instead of Proper Cleanup?
<p>Manila Bay's waters are heavily polluted by oil and trash from nearby residential areas and ports. A huge "No swimming" sign warns visitors to stay away from the ocean.</p><p>Philippines' <a href="https://denr.gov.ph/index.php/priority-programs/manila-bay-clean-up/25-priority-programs/1825-frequently-ask-questions-faqs-on-the-dolomite-and-the-beach-nourishment-project" target="_blank">Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)</a> has denied dolomite sand poses any risk to human health and the ecosystem.</p><p>However, scientists of the University of the Philippines have come forward disputing the DENR's claims. A <a href="https://biology.science.upd.edu.ph/index.php/ib-statement-regarding-dolomite-in-manila-bay/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">statement by the Institute of Biology</a> said that using crushed dolomite did not address any of the rehabilitation phases and instead was "even more detrimental to the existing biodiversity as well as the communities in the area," pointing to the case of water birds. "The dumping of dolomite in Manila Bay has effectively covered part of the intertidal area used by the birds thereby reducing their habitat."</p><p>At peak migration season, Manila Bay is home to 90 aquatic bird species, including species of international conservation concern that are facing a very high extinction risk in the wild. </p><p>Authorities should focus on protecting and conserving biodiversity, the Institute of Biology added. "Rehabilitating mangroves is an example of a nature-based solution that is cheaper and more cost-effective than the dolomite dumping project," the scientists said.</p><p>Moreover, <a href="http://www.msi.upd.edu.ph/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">the Marine Science Institute</a> has warned that prolonged inhalation of finer dust particles of dolomite could "cause chronic health effects," leading to discomfort in the chest, shortness of breath and coughing.</p><p>They also warned dolomite sand grains would erode during storms and be carried out to sea, essentially being washed away.</p>Rehabilitation vs. Reclamation
<p>Environmentalists say covering up the beach doesn't address the real issues of the bay. Torres and others believe the best way to clean up Manila Bay is not to add anything, but rather remove trash and pollution.</p><p>"There have been studies saying much of the waste comes from already collected waste — so these are open dump sites along the coast that get washed up because of the rain," Torres said.</p><p>She criticized the authorities for continuing to push reclamation projects she says are at odds with each other. These projects will affect large areas of mangrove forests, she said, and experts warn that this, in turn, exacerbates coastal erosion.</p><p>"If you've removed the areas that helped trap the sand, like mangrove forests, then the likelihood increases that you will have to nourish a beach. Same as building right up to the waterfront," said Vander Velpen of UNEP/GRID-Geneva.</p>Plenty of Sand in the Sea?
<p>The question of Manila's contentious white beach echoes larger questions about sand mining worldwide. <a href="https://unepgrid.ch/storage/app/media/documents/Sand_and_sustainability_UNEP_2019.pdf" target="_blank">Global sand consumption has tripled</a> over the past two decades, UNEP/GRID-Geneva has found. A huge chunk of it is now taken up by construction.</p><p>"Many operate on the assumption that natural sand is endless in its supply," said Vander Velpen.</p><p>Sand scarcity is a concern shared by Stefan Schimmels of <a href="https://www.fzk.uni-hannover.de/fzk_start.html?&L=1" target="_blank">Forschungszentrum Küste</a> who's done extensive research on shore nourishment to stop coastal erosion. And as climate change and rising sea levels are threatening coasts, demand for sand will grow even more.</p><p>A large study, the <a href="http://www.stencil-project.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/STENCIL_SWOT_Analyse_191026.pdf" target="_blank">Strategies and Tools for Environment-Friendly Shore Nourishments as Climate Change Impact Low-Regret Measures (STENCIL project)</a>, focused on the German island of Sylt, a popular vacation spot.</p><p>About 1 million cubic meter of sand per year is used to maintain the coastal area of Sylt, STENCIL project head Schimmels said. That's about 100 million 10-liter buckets of sand.</p><p>When sand was extracted off the coast of Sylt, underwater craters were formed. "You can still detect these craters even decades later," Schimmels told DW.</p><p>"Also when you add a couple of meters sand onto the beach — you essentially bury all things that do creep and fly," he said. "How quickly will they recover?" Schimmels said more research was needed as there was still too little known about long-term effects on the environment. </p>Criticism Piling Up
<p>As for Manila's artificial white sand, it looks like some might have already been blown away by a recent storm. DENR claims it wasn't washed away, but said that grayish sand, stones and other material had simply piled up over the dolomite sand. People in Manila have tweeted photos showing how the storm has ravaged the beach. </p><div id="adc0b" class="rm-shortcode" data-rm-shortcode-id="98f9390db6bb81cb421aaf0bb9d9a6fb"><blockquote class="twitter-tweet twitter-custom-tweet" data-twitter-tweet-id="1318816633280851969" data-partner="rebelmouse"><div style="margin:1em 0">Exactly one month after giving excited netizen a glimpse of Manila Bay white sands, look what happened now after ju… https://t.co/X0Z9i0bPB0</div> — M*A*S*H (@M*A*S*H)<a href="https://twitter.com/Magtira_Matibay/statuses/1318816633280851969">1603265362.0</a></blockquote></div><p>Authorities have been called tone-deaf for spending around 389 million pesos ($8 million) on a beach nourishment project in the middle of a raging pandemic.</p><p>An image of cake iced with the words "It really hurts - that's [worth] 389 million pesos?" has since gone viral.</p>
<div class="rm-shortcode" data-rm-shortcode-id="4387aad52ea316e4db7330052318ca2f"><div class="fb-post" data-href="https://www.facebook.com/theweekendpatisserie/posts/144564207350008"></div></div><p>"It's just a waste of precious resources," Torres said. </p><p>The environmental activist now also worries that she might be labeled a terrorist for speaking out under the <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/philippine-anti-terrorism-law-triggers-fear-of-massive-rights-abuses/a-53732140" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Philippines' controversial new anti-terrorism law</a>. She says she could be arrested for inciting fear when talking about environmental dangers.</p>
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An illustration highlights the moon's Clavius Crater with an illustration depicting water trapped in the lunar soil there. NASA / Daniel Rutter
A pair of studies released Monday confirmed not only the presence of water and ice on the moon, but that it is more abundant than scientists previously thought. Those twin discoveries boost the prospect of a sustainable lunar base that could harvest the moon's resources to help sustain itself, according to the BBC.
<p>Both studies were printed in <em>Nature Astronomy</em>. In the <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-01222-x" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">first study</a>, a NASA telescope affixed to the fuselage of a 747 airplane flying at altitudes up to 45,000 feet detected the presence of water in a large crater visible from Earth. The telescope, called the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA), zeroed in on the moon's surface with remarkable clarity to determine the molecular composition of the moon's face, according to a <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-sofia-discovers-water-on-sunlit-surface-of-moon/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">NASA</a> statement.</p><p>Images from SOFIA allowed scientists to determine that a large portion of the hydrogen and oxygen combination they had previously noticed on a sunlit area of the moon are water, according to <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/26/science/moon-ice-water.html?action=click&module=Well&pgtype=Homepage&section=Science" target="_blank">The New York Times</a>.</p>
<p>"This discovery reveals that water might be distributed across the lunar surface and not limited to the cold shadowed places near the lunar poles," Paul Hertz, the director of NASA's astrophysics division, said during a news conference on Monday, as The New York Times reported.</p><p>In the <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-1198-9" target="_blank">second study</a>, the NASA scientists suggest that water might be more widespread than they initially thought since it is likely trapped in many of the moon's shadowy surfaces, according to <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2020/10/26/21530198/moon-water-ice-sun-cold-traps-nasa-artemis-astronauts" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">The Verge</a>. Those cold areas of the moon possibly shelter water in an area over 15,000 square miles, according to the study.</p><p>The discovery is a boon to a potential lunar base since taking water to space is pricey, costing thousands of dollars per gallon. The discovery of water on the moon may mean that future astronauts will be able to hydrate and refuel their rockets, as <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2020/10/26/water-on-the-moon/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">The Washington Post</a> reported. It also means they would be able to water plants, according to The Verge.</p>
<p>"Anytime we don't need to pack water for our trip, we have an opportunity to take other useful items with us," said Jacob Bleacher, chief exploration scientist for NASA's human exploration and operations directorate, to The New York Times.</p><p>Hannah Sargeant, a planetary scientist from the Open University in Milton Keynes, told the BBC that the location of the water will likely determine where a lunar base is established</p><p>Previous discoveries of water were found in craters in the moon's perpetually dark south. Temperatures there reach about -400 degrees Fahrenheit, making it impossible to reach the water with modern technology.</p><p>"They happen to be the coldest known places in the Solar System, believe it or not," Paul Hayne, a planetary scientist at the University of Colorado and a lead author on the second study, told The Verge.</p><p>That makes the discovery of water deposits in less treacherous areas appealing to scientists thinking about future moon exploration, according to The New York Times.</p>
<p>"If we find that it's abundant enough in certain locations, it would be easier to access versus going into these very cold, very dark places," said Casey Honniball, a postdoctoral fellow at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and lead author of the first study, to The Verge.</p><p>For the next steps, NASA will send unmanned rovers to the moon's south pole in 2023 to drill for water a meter below the surface, according to The Washington Post.</p><p>"Both papers deepen the mysteries of lunar water while providing pieces of the puzzle," wrote Bethany Ehlmann, an assistant professor of planetary science at Caltech who was not involved in the research, in an email to The Washington Post. "It's exciting to think that lurking in the shadow within ten degrees of the pole are tiny reservoirs of water ice."</p>
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