Aviation Accounts for 3.5% of Global Warming Caused by Humans, New Research Says

It turns out that in the last 20 years, air travel has doubled its contribution as a driver of the climate crisis.

"It is growing so rapidly," said David Lee at Manchester Metropolitan University in the UK, as The New Scientist reported. "It's just astonishing."

The study looked at the time frame from 2000 to 2018, so it did not account for the current slowdown in air travel due to the coronavirus pandemic. And yet, Lee said that the current slowdown will be just a blip compared to the long-term damage that has already been done by air travel.

"It's not going to make much difference in the long term," Lee said, according to The New Scientist.

The paper, published in Atmospheric Environment, was a collaboration of international scientists. The researchers took the most comprehensive look to date at the various components of air travel, from the use of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide, to the effect that the white contrails behind a jet engine have on absorbing sunlight.

It turns out that those contrails along with a mix of water vapor, nitrogen oxide, aerosol gases and soot make up two-thirds of the environmental impact, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The remaining one-third is attributed to the cumulative effect of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide.

"The biggest problem underlying aviation is basically the public's desire to fly," said Lee, as CGTN in Beijing, China reported. "The problem with aviation is that it's highly dependent on liquid fossil fuel, kerosene, to power aircraft. So if we continue to depend on fossil fuel for powering an aircraft, it will become a much larger percentage of total emissions over time."

The five-year study is the first of its kind to use a complete set of calculations that employs a new metric introduced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2013.

The new metric is called "effective radiative forcing," or ERF, according to the University of Reading. It is a complicated measurement of the energy coming from the sun that compares it with the energy emitted from Earth. It also looks at how the metric compares to the balance of that ratio before industrialization.

"The new study means that aviation's impact on climate change can be compared with other sectors such as maritime shipping, ground transportation and energy generation as it has a consistent set of ERF measurements," said Lee in a statement.

The researchers found that aviation's contribution of 3.5 percent of the human activity that drives the climate crisis remained fairly constant from 2000 to 2018. However, that does not mean that aviation didn't change over that period. What it means is that while aviation was contributing more and more to the climate crisis, other factors were as well.

"It's the growth that is the real feature," said Lee, as The New Scientist reported. "It is rising quite dramatically."